Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Central Region of Portugal: The Coimbra Eye Study – Report 5

Farinha, Cláudia; Cachulo, Maria Luz; Alves, Dalila; Pires, Isabel; Marques, João Pedro; Barreto, Patrícia; Nunes, Sandrina; Costa, José Augusto; Martins, Amélia; Sobral, Isa; Figueira, João; Ribeiro, Maria Luísa; Cunha-Vaz, Josè; Silva, Rufino

doi:10.1159/000496393

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…While AMD is common in males and females, some studies suggest that female sex is associated with a higher progression rate to early AMD (OR 2.2), and late AMD (HR 1.6–2.6), especially nAMD (HR 1.6–2.1) . However, other studies describe a lack of association between sex and disease progression . A possible explanation for these conflicting results between studies might be attributed to a difference in follow‐up and the greater life expectancy of females .…”

Section: Demographic and Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors that have been linked to increased risk of the progression of AMD. As the name already suggests, age is the most important demographic risk factor for AMD . A recent meta‐analysis, combining data of 14 population‐based studies, showed an increase in the prevalence of early AMD from 3.5% in people aged 55–59 years up to 17.6% in people 85 years and older.…”

Section: Demographic and Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

Heesterbeek

Lorés‐Motta

Hoyng

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

213

224

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Purpose Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the macula, often leading to progressive vision loss. The rate of disease progression can vary among individuals and has been associated with multiple risk factors. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature investigating phenotypic, demographic, environmental, genetic, and molecular risk factors, and propose the most consistently identified risk factors for disease progression in AMD based on these studies. Finally, we describe the potential use of these risk factors for personalised healthcare. Recent findings While phenotypic risk factors such as drusen and pigment abnormalities become more important to predict disease progression during the course of the disease, demographic, environmental, genetic and molecular risk factors are more valuable at earlier disease stages. Demographic and environmental risk factors such as age and smoking are consistently reported to be related to disease progression, while other factors such as sex, body mass index (BMI) and education are less often associated. Of all known AMD variants, variants that are most consistently reported with disease progression are rs10922109 and rs570618 in CFH, rs116503776 in C2/CFB/SKIV2L, rs3750846 in ARMS2/HTRA1 and rs2230199 in C3. However, it seems likely that other AMD variants also contribute to disease progression but to a lesser extent. Rare variants have probably a large effect on disease progression in highly affected families. Furthermore, current prediction models do not include molecular risk factors, while these factors can be measured accurately in the blood. Possible promising molecular risk factors are High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL‐C), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), zeaxanthin and lutein. Summary Phenotypic, demographic, environmental, genetic and molecular risk factors can be combined in prediction models to predict disease progression, but the selection of the proper risk factors for personalised risk prediction will differ among individuals and is dependent on their current disease stage. Future prediction models should include a wider set of genetic variants to determine the genetic risk more accurately, and rare variants should be taken into account in highly affected families. In addition, adding molecular factors in prediction models may lead to preventive strategies and personalised advice.

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Section: Demographic and Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Demographic and Environmental Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

Heesterbeek

Lorés‐Motta

Hoyng

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

213

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Age-related macular degeneration is a complex retinal disorder and the leading cause of severe blindness in the elderly population, resulting from both environmental and genetic risk factors [ 178 – 180 ]. AMD affects central vision and its pathobiology includes activation of the innate immune response, neovascularisation, oxidative stress and a build-up of proteins and lipids [ 179 , 181 ].…”

Section: Pink1/parkin In Neurodegenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

PINK1/PARKIN signalling in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation

Quinn

Moreira

Ambrósio

et al. 2020

acta neuropathol commun

231

136

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Mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PARKIN) genes are associated with familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PINK1, a protein kinase, and PARKIN, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, control the specific elimination of dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria, thus fine-tuning mitochondrial network and preserving energy metabolism. PINK1 regulates PARKIN translocation in impaired mitochondria and drives their removal via selective autophagy, a process known as mitophagy. As knowledge obtained using different PINK1 and PARKIN transgenic animal models is being gathered, growing evidence supports the contribution of mitophagy impairment to several human pathologies, including PD and Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). Therefore, therapeutic interventions aiming to modulate PINK1/PARKIN signalling might have the potential to treat these diseases. In this review, we will start by discussing how the interplay of PINK1 and PARKIN signalling helps mediate mitochondrial physiology. We will continue by debating the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, and the causative factors leading to PINK1/PARKIN-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Finally, we will discuss PINK1/PARKIN gene augmentation possibilities with a particular focus on AD, PD and glaucoma.

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“…In Europe, few population-based prospective studies have been conducted and differed in diagnostic parameters and study design. The Rotterdam Eye Study in the Netherlands and the Coimbra Eye Study in Portugal assessed the 6.5 year cumulative incidence of early and late AMD, while the AGES-R study in Iceland, the POLA and the ALIENOR studies in France and the Copenhagen City Eye Study included a 5-, 3-4-year and 14-year follow-up, respectively [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five-year cumulative incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration: results from the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)

Korb

Elbaz

Schuster

et al. 2021

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. This study evaluates the incidence and progression of AMD in a large German cohort. Methods The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based, prospective, observational cohort study in Germany that includes 15,010 participants between 35 and 74 years of age. The baseline examination, including fundus photography, was conducted between 2007 and 2012, and the 5-year follow-up examination was performed between 2012 and 2017. AMD grading of fundus photographs was performed according to the Rotterdam Eye Study classification. The 5-year cumulative incidence and progression of AMD were calculated. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with the cumulative incidence and progression of AMD. Results Six-thousand-eight-hundred-eighty-eight participants (49.8%, n = 3427 female) were included in the analysis. AMD prevalence was 8.5% [95% CI: 7.9–9.2%] at baseline and 10.3% [95% CI: 9.6–11.1%] at follow-up. The cumulative 5-year-incidence was 2.0% [1.7–2.4%]. AMD progression within 5 years was seen in 18.1% [95% CI: 15.1–21.5%] of the participants. AMD incidence and AMD progression were associated with higher age, for each 10-year increase in age, the risk of AMD doubles (RR = 2.30), and the risk of progression of the disease is increased by 1.6. while AMD incidence also with pseudophakic status. Conclusions In summary, this population-based sample provides substantial epidemiologic data from a large German cohort, including data on progression and cumulative incidence of macular degeneration in younger age groups. AMD progression over 5 years is common in the German population, 18.1% of subjects with AMD showed progression in at least one eye in this time frame and is associated with higher age. Nevertheless, although usually defined to occur over the age of 50, in this cohort AMD occurred in 0.5% and AMD progression occurred in 5.4% of those already affected in the youngest age group before 50 years of age.

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Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Central Region of Portugal: The Coimbra Eye Study – Report 5

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

PINK1/PARKIN signalling in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation

Five-year cumulative incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration: results from the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS)

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