Incidence and risk factors for medical device‐related pressure ulcers: The first report in this regard in Iran

Abstract

Few studies, especially among developing countries such as Iran, have been conducted on the incidence and risk factors for medical device‐related pressure ulcers (MDRPUs). Given the importance of this issue and the lack of previous studies, the present study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors for MDRPUs in Iran. The present descriptive‐analytical study was conducted at three hospitals in Qazvin, Iran, from June 1, 2019, to September 1, 2019. Data collection took approximately 3 months from July to September 2019. Sampling was carried out through a convenience sampling method, and the samples consisted of 404 patients. For data collection, a checklist for demographic variables, a checklist for patient‐connected medical devices, Braden Scale, Glasgow Coma Scale, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Pressure Grading Scale, and Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 were used. Of the 404 patients studied, 20.54% (n = 83) developed some degree of MDRPUs. From those, 61 (70.11%) were in stage I, 17 (19.5%) were in stage II, and 9 (10.34%) were in stage III. Among the nine medical devices that caused pressure ulcers, the most commonly reported ones were nasal oxygen tubes (31 cases), oxygen face masks (23 cases), and endotracheal tubes (17 cases). The mean score of Braden Scale (P = .004), the mean score of NRS 2002 (P = .037), older age (P = .007), male gender (P = .002), the average length of stay in hospitals (P = .001), and having pressure ulcers in body (P = .025) significantly increased the possibility of occurring MDRPUs. In the present study, the incidence of MDRPUs was high. Taking the necessary measures into consideration in order to prevent the MDRPUs is essential in Iranian hospitals. Further studies in this regard are strongly recommended.

Risk factors for pressure ulcers from the use of a pelvic positioner in hip surgery: a retrospective observational cohort study in 229 patients

“…Their frequency ranges from 2.5 to 66%, [3][4][5][6][7] and their incidence is high in orthopedic surgeries (up to 11.8%) [6]. Other factors associated with ulcers include age, [8][9][10] sex, [9,10] low Braden scale score, [9,11,12] low body mass index (BMI), [7,12] diabetes, [13] duration of surgery, [4,7,[14][15][16] surgical positioning (prone and park-bench position), [7,16] application of external force, [7] and the amount of blood loss [7]. In addition, medical device-related pressure ulcers defined as resulting from the use of devices designed and applied for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes [9] have been reported to be increased owing to the development of technology and the increased use of medical devices for patients [17].…”

<p>Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward the Medical Device-Related Pressure Ulcer in Iran</p>

“…Medical device-related pressure ulcers are caused by the pressure exerted by the medical devices attached to the patients' skin. 2 Because the use of medical devices is often inevitable, it is more difficult and complicated to prevent medical device-related pressure ulcers than conventional pressure ulcers. 3,4 Medical device-related pressure ulcers can cause many problems such as pain, infection, tissue necrosis, and increased costs for the patient, the patient's family, and health care systems.…”

“…3,5 Although some reports regarding medical device-related pressure ulcers have been seen in the scientific literature for about 50 years, 6 a focus on such ulcers has increased significantly over the past 10 years. 2,7 In a meta-analysis study by Jackson et al, in 2019, the incidence of medical device-related pressure ulcers was reported as about 12%. 8 Study in Iran about medical device-related pressure ulcers is limited to a few case reports [9][10][11][12][13] and one cross-sectional study.…”

“…The incidence of medical devicerelated pressure ulcers in Rashvand et al's study was reported as 20.5%. 2 Currently, the occurrence of medical device-related pressure ulcers can be considered as one of the indicators of the quality of nursing and medical care. 14 Final-year nursing students spend adequate time in clinical settings.…”

“…Also, the intervention for the prevention of conventional pressure ulcers and medical device-related pressure ulcers are different. 1,2 Frequent change of position is the main intervention in preventing conventional pressure ulcers, while other interventions should be used for the prevention of medical device-related pressure ulcers.…”