Background:Diabetes is a chronic disease that requires routine and complicated self care. Although self care can be managed by most diabetes patients, there are many variables that may make diabetes self-management difficult.Aim:The study examined the relationship between clients’ demographic variables and diabetes self-management in diabetic clients in Amman city/Jordan.Method:The data were collected through a self-completed questionnaire developed by the researchers and combined with the perceived diabetes self-management scale (PDSMS). The sampling of the investigation comprised 178 diabetes clients from Amman city/Jordan.Findings:There was proportional little relationship between income level and diabetes self management, and reversely proportional low relationship between duration of diabetes and diabetes self management. Other variables had no relationship with diabetes self management.Conclusion:The demographic variables related to diabetes self-management in this study are income level and duration of diabetes. As income level increases, diabetes self-management become better, and the longer the duration of diabetes, the worse is diabetes self-management.

Background: Orthopedic surgical site infection represents a hospital acquired infection among orthopedic surgery patients, which in turn delays normal recovery process and increases hospital length of stay and health care costs. As a result, risk factors for orthopedic surgical site infection should be identified thereby allowing the application of protective interventions that may inhibit the occurrence of such infection. Objectives: To determine risk factors of surgical site infection in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in Jordan. Materials and methods: The study employed prospective, multi-center approach to collect data about orthopedic surgery patients through assessing their health status and reviewing their medical records and monitoring for occurrence of surgical site infection within 90 days after operation. Results: 286 patients met the eligibility criteria from 18 hospitals. Only surgical wound classification and length of postoperative stay wound were found to be significant risk factors for orthopedic surgical site infection. Conclusion: Surgical wound classification and length of postoperative stay were identified as risk factors for orthopedic surgical site infection. Risk factors that did not predict occurrence of orthopedic surgical site infection can be identified by other research strategies than the one used in this study, which could be conducted retrospectively or by conducting prospective studies that are both community-based and hospital-based with larger sample sizes. Highlights:

Background Medical device‐related pressure ulcers are increasingly common in critical care units. These ulcers can be complicated due to the necessity of the device for diagnosis or treatment. Purpose To determine the prevalence of and risk for medical device‐related pressure ulcers in critical care units in Jordan in addition to identifying the preventive measures for those ulcers as well as identifying the most frequently used medical devices that cause ulcers and to assess the relationships between prevention measures and developing ulcers. Methods A cross‐sectional survey was used to assess ulcers among 318 patients who were elder than 18 years old. Data collection was based on an outline published by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, Braden Scale, and an author‐developed specific checklist. Results The prevalence rate of medical device‐related pressure ulcers was 38.1%. Most affected sites were sacrum and heel, and most affected were those with old age, being admitted to public hospitals, and with a prolonged hospital stay. About half of the patients (46.3%) had severe risk. Only 17% of the patients who were at risk got adequate preventive measures. Face masks, endotracheal tubes, pulse oximetry probes, and intravenous catheters were associated with almost half of the ulcers. Conclusion Medical device‐related pressure ulcers are threats to patient safety and quality of nursing care in hospitals, which require determining appropriate preventive measures. Key messages: Medical device‐related pressure ulcers are common among patients in critical care units, which raise the need to evaluate the prevalence of such type of ulcers in those patients. Three hundred and eighteen patients were investigated for the prevalence of medical device‐related pressure ulcers through a cross‐sectional survey. Patients in critical care units in Jordan had a high prevalence rate for medical device‐related pressure ulcers, which require the need to apply appropriate preventive measures.

The purpose of this review paper is to explore the risk factors contributing to incidence of orthopedic surgical site infection in addition to exploring the causative microorganisms for orthopedic surgical site infection and to set the strategies preventing such type of infection since this type of infection increases morbidity and burden on both patients and their healthcare institutions. Methods: A review was carried out on Wiley Online Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Medscape, and Science Direct, in addition to Google Scholar. The searching period limited to studies published between 1998 to 2015. Results: Twenty-Nine studies were included and analyzed in the review that generated four major domains: incidence of orthopedic surgical site infection, risk factors for orthopedic surgical site infection, causative microorganisms of orthopedic surgical site infection, and prevention of orthopedic surgical site infection. Analyzed literature revealed the predisposing factors of orthopedic surgical site infection and strategies to prevent such predisposing factors. Conclusion: The risk factors of orthopedic surgical site infection are both iatrogenic and patient-related and can be managed by evaluating patient's health status and establishing policies to control risk factors of orthopedic surgical site infection.

Background: The number of elderly people is increasing worldwide, and elevated body mass index is a common problem that occur with elderly people, which can be directly or indirectly affected by level of physical activity and gender. So, it is essential to study the effect of both physical activity and gender on body mass index in elderly people. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 120 elderly Jordanian people who live in Amman (62 women; 58 men) and evaluated for body mass index. Those participants were 40 elderly persons who attended the gym at least twice a week for the last 2 years, and 80 elderly who were home resident or physically inactive. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about personal, social, health and life-style information including the daily activities and the anthropometric measurements for the study participants. Results: The results of this study showed that as elderly people become physically inactive, their body mass index will increase to become as overweight or obese. The results of this study also showed that body mass index of 30 and more was associated with gender, with majority of female elderly (50%) having body mass index of 30 or more. Conclusion: Physical activity should be maintained by both genders in order to prevent obesity, primarily in women as they are more likely to become obese that men. Furthermore, body mass index should not exceed 30 in elderly. Physical activity is essential in order to obtain healthy weight.

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Background: Previous Literature has supported educational program efficacy, but no studies have been found to examine Prostate Cancer-based interventions' Efficacy on knowledge and adherence intention to a healthy lifestyle among Men in Jordan. Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to assess Prostate Cancer-based interventions' efficacy on knowledge and adherence intention to a healthy lifestyle among Men in Jordan. Methods: A quasi-experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design was used and the study was conducted in Masjids (praying place), Amman, Jordan. The population consists of Jordanian Men aged 40 years and above. The sample size was 76 men, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The tool used for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Results: Paired sample t-test showed that the change in the mean knowledge scores (9.5), p < .001 was statistically significant 1 month after the application of the program. In addition, the change in the mean adherence to healthy lifestyle scores (4.7), p < .05 was statistically significant 1 month after the application of the structured teaching program. Conclusion: Jordanian men had gained knowledge and Adherence Intention to Healthy Lifestyle regarding prostate cancer after the implementation of a structured teaching program. Implications for Practice: Educational program aimed at motivating men to increase their knowledge of prostate cancer and having adherence intention to a healthy lifestyle.

Background Orthopedic surgical site infections are higher in developing countries compared with developed countries. Purpose This study aimed to determine the following: incidence rate of infection, levels of risk of infection, the severity of orthopedic infection, and the relationship between risk level of and severity level of orthopedic infection. Methods The study used a prospective approach to collect data about orthopedic surgery patients through assessing their health status and reviewing their medical records and monitoring for the occurrence of surgical site infection within 90 days after the operation. A total of 286 patients met the eligibility criteria from 18 hospitals. The severity of wound infection was assessed using the Additional treatment, Serous discharge, Erythema, Purulent exudate, Separation of deep tissues, isolation of bacteria, and duration of inpatient Stay wound scoring scale, and the levels of risk were assessed using the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance risk index score. Results The incidence rate of orthopedic surgical site infection was (n = 8; 2.8%). Five patients (62.5%) had a moderate-risk level of infection, and 2 patients (25%) had a high-risk level. Most patients (n = 278; 97.2%) had satisfactory healing level. Both risk levels and severity levels of orthopedic surgical site infection were significantly correlated with each other. Conclusion Appropriate risk level and severity level assessment tools should be used to aid in the assessment of orthopedic surgical site infection.