Incidence and risk factor prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in primary care in Spain (NEUMO-ES-RISK project)

Rivero‐Calle, Irene; Pardo-Seco, Jacobo; Aldaz, Pablo; Vargas, Diana; Mascarós, Enrique; Redondo, Esther; Díaz-Maroto, J L; Linares-Rufo, Manuel; Fierro-Alacio, M. J.; Â, Gil; Molina, Jesús; Ocaña, Daniel; Martinón-Torres, Federico

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1974-4

Cited by 72 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Despite our hospitalization rates (2001/2011) are higher than other European countries [25], our data are in line with a previous study in our country [13] and close to reports from Spain [23,24]. Furthermore, our age group-specific incidence rates increased with advancing age, with incidence rates in older adults very similar to those reported in Spain [24]. This cross-country variability may be related not only to climate differences and vaccine coverage for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines, but also to differences in health system structure and other factors such as heterogeneity in admission criteria [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Reports on CAP incidence focus mainly on hospitalizations and show wide variability across countries, ranging from 1.48 per 1000 population in England, 2.75 in Germany to 6.27 in Spain [6,[22][23][24]. Despite our hospitalization rates (2001/2011) are higher than other European countries [25], our data are in line with a previous study in our country [13] and close to reports from Spain [23,24]. Furthermore, our age group-specific incidence rates increased with advancing age, with incidence rates in older adults very similar to those reported in Spain [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with in-hospital mortality from community-acquired pneumonia in Portugal: 2000–2014

et al. 2020

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Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often leading to hospital admissions. In Portugal, the factors associated with in-hospital mortality due to CAP are not fully documented. The aim of this study was to characterize the trends of CAP hospitalization in all age groups and the factors associated with their mortality between 2000 and 2014. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using CAP hospitalization data in all age groups, in Portugal Mainland. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: Between 2001 and 2011, CAP hospitalization rate increased from 2.8 to 4.3 per 1000 population. Hospitalization rates were higher in the extreme ages (≤ 4 and ≥ 75 years). However, a decrease in the hospitalization rate and its mortality was observed, in the younger ages. A total of 548,699 hospitalization CAP episodes, between 2000 and 2014, were analyzed, with male (56.2%) and elderly ≥65 years (91.7%) predominance, resulting in 101,740 deaths (18.5%). Men had a significantly lower mean age (64.3 ± 26.4 years versus 67.9 ± 27.5 years; p < 0.001). During the studied 15 years, there was an increase of 45.2% in the number of annual hospitalizations, concomitant with the admission increase of individuals aged over 75 years. Since 2012 a decrease in hospitalizations and associated deaths were detected. The increase in age represented a progressive and significant rise in the probability of death, except for the age group 1-4 years. The age group ≥85 years old (Adjusted OR = 124.256; 95%CI: 97.838-157.807) and males (Adjusted OR = 1.261; 95%CI: 1.243-1.280) were significantly associated with death risk for CAP hospitalization. After 2010, this risk decreased (Adjusted OR = 0.961; 95%CI: 0.940-0.982). The main factors affecting mortality were age, sex, unemployment rate, number of performed procedures and admission quinquennia. Conclusions: Despite a trend of decrease in CAP hospitalizations and associated death since 2012, the numbers of in-hospital mortality showed, in the 15 years under analysis, an overall increase over time, mainly associated with age, in particular very old people (≥ 75 years), males and a higher parish unemployment rate. Therefore, the implementation of CAP preventive measures should be reinforced in these vulnerable groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with in-hospital mortality from community-acquired pneumonia in Portugal: 2000–2014

et al. 2020

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“…However, using data from prospective observational studies, we can put together a broad picture of the impact of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Spain. The overall incidence of CAP in adults in the Spanish primary care setting between 2009 and 2013 [5] was estimated to be 4.63 cases per 1000 persons/year, increasing by age group (from 1.98 in the 18-20 year age group to 23.74 in the ≥90 year group), and was higher in males (5.04) than in females (4.26). The risk factors related to CAP in primary care were HIV infection (OR 5.21; 95% CI: 4.35 to 6.27), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR 2.97; 95% CI: 2.84 to 3.12), asthma (OR 2.16; 95% CI: 2.07 to 2.26), smoking (OR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.91 to 2.92), and poor dental hygiene (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.41 to 1.49) [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Public Health Threat: Arguments in Favor from Spanish Investigators

et al. 2020

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Despite advances in its prevention, pneumonia remains associated with high morbidity, mortality, and health costs worldwide. Studies carried out in the last decade have indicated that more patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) now require hospitalization. In addition, pneumonia management poses many challenges, especially due to the increase in the number of elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and the difficulty of rapid diagnosis. In this new call to action, we present a wide-ranging review of the information currently available on CAP and offer some reflections on ways to raise awareness of this disease among the general public. We discuss the burden of CAP and the importance of attaining better, faster microbiological diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment. We also suggest that closer cooperation between health professionals and the population at large could improve the management of this largely preventable infectious disease that takes many lives each year.

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“…Rezultati. Od tuberkuloze pluća češće su obolevali muškarci, starosti 30-39 godina (OR 6.08, 95 CI% 1, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]84), uglavnom sa sela (p = 0,001), nižeg stepena obrazovanja (p = 0,031). Od pneumonije su češće obolevale ženske osobe starije od 60 godina (p = 0,012).…”

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Differences and similarities between the symptoms and clinical signs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia

Smiljic

Radovic²,

Ilić

et al. 2019

VOJNOSANIT PREGL

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Background/Aim. Tuberculosis in the second decade of the 21st century is an infectious disease with the highest mortality rate. In addition, in developed countries, pneumonia is the major couse of morbidity and mortality in adults. The aim of our study was to point out the differences and similarities between symptoms, laboratory parameters and clinical indicators in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and patients with pneumonia in the general population and in people belonging to the high risk groups for developing tuberculosis. Methods. This prospective study included patients with PTB (n = 70) and pneumonia (n = 75) treated at the Pulmonology Department of Clinical Hospital Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. Results. PTB was more frequent in men, 30-39 years of age (OR; 6:08), mainly from rural areas (p = 0.001), and with lower levels of education (p = 0.031). Pneumonia was more frequent in women older than 60 years of age (p = 0.0012). Night sweats (p = 0.001) and weight loss (p = 0.062) were significantly more frequent in patients with PTB, while chest pain (p = 0.001) and high temperature (p = 0.036) were more common in patients with pneumonia. X-ray changes in patients with PTB were located in the upper fields (p = 0.001), or appeared to be bilateral (p = 0.004). The strongest predictor associated with an increased risk of night sweats was diagnosed PTB (OR = 30.0). The chest pain was a predictor of pneumonia, unilateral changes (OR = 4.65) in the lower lung fields (OR = 0.08). Conclusion. Night sweats, weight loss and chest X-ray abnormalities in upper fields were significant indicators of PTB. Chest pain, fever and chest X-ray abnormalities in lower fields were significant indicators of pneumonia.

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Incidence and risk factor prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia in adults in primary care in Spain (NEUMO-ES-RISK project)

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

Factors associated with in-hospital mortality from community-acquired pneumonia in Portugal: 2000–2014

Factors associated with in-hospital mortality from community-acquired pneumonia in Portugal: 2000–2014

Defining Community-Acquired Pneumonia as a Public Health Threat: Arguments in Favor from Spanish Investigators

Differences and similarities between the symptoms and clinical signs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia

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