Incidence and mortality of uveal melanoma in Australia (1982–2014)

Beasley, Aaron B.; Preen, David B.; McLenachan, Samuel; Gray, Elin S.; Chen, Fred K.

doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319700

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, a study conducted in Israel between 1988 and 2007 found that the annual incidence of this cancer was 6.71 cases per million individuals per year, in line with the North American findings ( 19 , 22 ). Moreover, in Australia individuals are facing similar rates of this cancer, with 7.6 cases per million individuals per year being diagnosed ( 23 ). Comparable trends were observed throughout Europe, with the incidence rate of uveal melanoma in the Swedish population ranging between 6.5 and 11.6 cases per million individuals per year between 1960 and 2010 ( 24 ), 9.5 uveal melanoma cases per million individuals per year being diagnosed in Ireland between 2010 and 2015 ( 25 ), and 6.41 persons per million being diagnosed with uveal melanoma in Germany between 2009 and 2015 ( 26 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uveal melanoma incidence trends in Canada: 1992–2010 vs. 2011–2017

et al. 2023

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Background/aimsUveal melanoma is the most common type of non-cutaneous melanoma and the most common ocular malignancy in the adult population, especially affecting Caucasians (98% of cases). Despite its low incidence rate, we have noted increasing incidence trends in recent years.MethodsWe analyzed uveal melanoma incidence data using the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) for 2011–2017 years. The data was examined using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition, codes for all uveal melanoma subtypes. The data for 2011–2017 was then compared to previously published work by our research group for uveal melanoma incidence in Canada between 1992 and 2010 using the same methodology.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2017, 1,215 patients were diagnosed with uveal melanoma, 49% of whom were females. The percentage distribution of uveal melanoma between the sexes was similar between 1992–2010 and 2011–2017, whereby of the 2,215 diagnoses of uveal melanoma in 1992–2010, 47.9% were females. The change in the incidence rate for this cancer has doubled between 1992–2010 and 2011–2017, from 0.074 to 0.15 cases per million individuals per year. Our study documents that the Canadian 2011–2017 age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for uveal melanoma against the World Health Organization (WHO) 2000–2025 world population standard was 5.09 cases per million individuals per year (95% confidence interval, 4.73–5.44), as compared with the 1992–2010 rate of 3.34 cases per million individuals per year (95% confidence interval, CI 3.20 to 3.47).ConclusionThis work demonstrates an ongoing, steady increase in uveal melanoma incidence in Canada in recent years.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uveal melanoma incidence trends in Canada: 1992–2010 vs. 2011–2017

et al. 2023

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“…Third, the patients were sampled from one nation only and even though their survival rates were similar to several previous observations including studies from Denmark, the Netherlands, the United States, and Australia, global generalizability of the findings cannot be guaranteed. 10 , 34 , 53 , 54 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…including studies from Denmark, the Netherlands, the United States, and Australia, global generalizability of the findings cannot be guaranteed. 10,34,53,54 In conclusion, a notion that male sex is associated with a worse prognosis in UM may be nuanced: It might indeed be true in the first decade after diagnosis. After 10 years however, female survivors are significantly older than men and have a higher incidence of UMrelated mortality.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 96%

Sex‐based differences in early and late uveal melanoma‐related mortality

Stålhammar

2022

Cancer Medicine

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Background It is debated if there are sex‐based differences in survival for patients with uveal melanoma. Previous observations of higher mortality for men in studies with <10‐year follow‐up have not been replicated in studies with longer follow‐up. It is therefore hypothesized that women have a worse survival in later periods. Methods All patients diagnosed with primary uveal melanoma in Sweden between 1980 and 2017 were included ( n = 2032). Survival differences between men and women in early (<10 years from diagnosis) and late (≥10 years) periods were analyzed. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences in mean patient age, tumor thickness, diameter, ciliary body involvement, primary treatment modality, or in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T‐category between men and women. In total, 764 patients (425 women and 339 men) survived and were followed ≥10 years. In this group, men were significantly younger, but there were no differences in baseline tumor thickness, diameter, ciliary body involvement, primary treatment, or AJCC T‐category. In competing risk analysis, women had higher incidence of uveal melanoma‐related mortality in the late period ( p = 0.036). In univariate Cox regression, male (HR 1.2, p = 0.049) and female sex (HR 1.8, p = 0.034) were significant predictors of uveal melanoma‐related mortality in the early and late periods, respectively. Conclusion Women with uveal melanoma have better survival in the first decade after diagnosis. Thereafter, female survivors are significantly older than men and have a higher incidence of uveal melanoma‐related mortality.

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“…In Canada, there was minimal change from 1992 to 2010 [ 206 ]. In Australia, there was an increase of 2.5% per year from 1982 to 1993, followed by a decrease of 1.2% per year from 1993 to 2014 [ 209 ]. Thus, in these countries, the incidence of intraocular melanomas has remained relatively constant over time, in contrast to that of cutaneous melanomas.…”

Section: Harms Of Exposure To Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health

Neale

Lucas

Byrne

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) evaluates the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health within the context of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments. We assess work published since our last comprehensive assessment in 2018. Over the last four years gains have been made in knowledge of the links between sun exposure and health outcomes, mechanisms, and estimates of disease burden, including economic impacts. Of particular note, there is new information about the way in which exposure to UV radiation modulates the immune system, causing both harms and benefits for health. The burden of skin cancer remains high, with many lives lost to melanoma and many more people treated for keratinocyte cancer, but it has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 11 million cases of melanoma and 432 million cases of keratinocyte cancer that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. While the incidence of skin cancer continues to rise, rates have stabilised in younger populations in some countries. Mortality has also plateaued, partly due to the use of systemic therapies for advanced disease. However, these therapies are very expensive, contributing to the extremely high economic burden of skin cancer, and emphasising the importance and comparative cost-effectiveness of prevention. Photodermatoses, inflammatory skin conditions induced by exposure to UV radiation, can have a marked detrimental impact on the quality of life of sufferers. More information is emerging about their potential link with commonly used drugs, particularly anti-hypertensives. The eyes are also harmed by over-exposure to UV radiation. The incidence of cataract and pterygium is continuing to rise, and there is now evidence of a link between intraocular melanoma and sun exposure. It has been estimated that the Montreal Protocol will prevent 63 million cases of cataract that would otherwise have occurred in the United States in people born between 1890 and 2100. Despite the clearly established harms, exposure to UV radiation also has benefits for human health. While the best recognised benefit is production of vitamin D, beneficial effects mediated by factors other than vitamin D are emerging. For both sun exposure and vitamin D, there is increasingly convincing evidence of a positive role in diseases related to immune function, including both autoimmune diseases and infection. With its influence on the intensity of UV radiation and global warming, the Montreal Protocol has, and will have, both direct and indirect effects on human health, potentially changing the balance of the risks and benefits of spending time outdoors. Graphical abstract

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Incidence and mortality of uveal melanoma in Australia (1982–2014)

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Uveal melanoma incidence trends in Canada: 1992–2010 vs. 2011–2017

Uveal melanoma incidence trends in Canada: 1992–2010 vs. 2011–2017

Sex‐based differences in early and late uveal melanoma‐related mortality

The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health

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