Incidence and associated risk factors of low birth weight babies born in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

Background and Objective:Birth weight is the most important factor that affects infant and child mortality. The most common cause of low birth is malnutrition before and during the pregnancy period. The present study was conducted to explore the associated risk factors of low birth weight which will be helpful to undertake effective measures to reduce the incidence of the low birth weight babies.Methods:The study was conducted at Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al-Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad. A sample size of 1603 live births over a period of five months were analyzed. The pregnant women were recruited in the last trimester of their pregnancy and followed up till their delivery. Information regarding maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval was collected. The birth weight was recorded within 24 hours of delivery. Data analysis was done using Graph Pad Prism version 6.0.Results:Data of 1863 birth out of which 1603 were live births and among these live births, 1442 were normal birth weight babies and 161 number of low birth weight (LBW) were analyzed. The incidence of LBW in this study was (10.04%). LBW was more common in female (n=84) than in male (n=77) babies. However, this difference was statistically insignificant. Among different risk factors maternal age (p<0.05), parity (P = 0.0167), income of family (P = 0.0190), has a statically significant association with incidence of LBW. The gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy was found to affect the incidence of LBW babies, however the difference was found to be statistically insignificant for LBW. Birth interval less than three years and low hemoglobin level (P<0.0260) was found to have a significant association with LBW babies.Conclusion:LBW a common problem in Pakistan is an important factor for perinatal mortality and morbidity. Among different risk factors maternal age, parity, income of family, gestational age of mother, maternal occupation, degree of illiteracy, birth interval less than three years were found to be the important risk factors contributing to LBW babies born in Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayad Al- Nayan Hospital Muzaffarabad.

Literature Review Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah

“…Karakteristik sosial demografi ibu meliputi umur kurang dari 20 tahun dan umur lebih dari 34 tahun, ras kulit hitam, status ekonomi yang kurang, status perkawinan yang tidak sah, tingkat pendidikan yang [12][13][14][15] rendah.…”

“…Risiko medis ibu sebelum hamil juga berperan terhadap kejadian BBLR meliputi paritas, berat badan dan tinggi badan, pernah melahirkan [12][13][14][15] BBLR, jarak kelahiran.…”

“…Kondisi sosial ekonomi keluarga seperti pendapatan keluarga, pendidikan, perumahan, lingkungan tempat tinggal (perkotaan / pedesaan) [12][13][14][15] memiliki peran penting dalam BBLR. Banyak faktor yang diketahui berhubungan dengan BBLR seperti usia ibu yang tua dan muda, kehamilan kembar, obesitas, status sosial ekonomi yang rendah, persalinan yang cepat dan kelahiran 11 prematur.…”

“…Pencegahan terhadap kejadian BBLR adalah dengan mengantisipasi terjadinya p e r s a l i n a n p r e m a t u r, p e r s a l i n a n d a l a m kekerabatan, usia ibu pada masa hamil < 18 tahun dan > 35 tahun serta faktor risiko medis ibu adalah beberapa intervensi penting untuk mengurangi bebannya. Peningkatan akses terhadap layanan kesehatan berkualitas tinggi di daerah pedesaan adalah strategi efektif lain untuk pencegahan 12 BBLR.…”

“…Dari kesehatan ibu (anemia) dan riwayat kehamilan (aborsi / keguguran) secara signifikan terkait dengan kejadian BBLR yang dilakukan di empat rumah sakit Peshawar. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor budaya dapat mempengaruhi kejadian Small Gestational Age 12,20 (SGA) di wilayah Pakistan.…”