Incertidumbre laboral y salud mental: una revisión meta-analítica de las consecuencias del trabajo precario en trastornos mentales

Abstract

<p>Faced with the growing instability resulting from the world economic crisis, job insecurity gains relevance in the study of occupational health. In order to analyse the consequences of job insecurity on mental health, a reference document is provided including the empirical research advances in the current framework. This systematic review follows a meta-analytical technique through 56 independent samples with 53,405 participants in total.<em> </em>The analysis offers a significant correlation between subjective job insecurity and mental health. Thus, it has been found that job insecurity is related to the risk or presence of depression, anxiety and emotional exhaustion, as well as to general low satisfaction with life, international comparisons are made, and negative results among workers regardless of the economic situation of the countries are highlighted, too. Moreover, methodological and conceptual contributions have been made in terms of the quality of the metrics applied. Job insecurity appears as a major problem for workers’ mental health, generating devastating effects on all kind of professional profiles and economic contexts. </p>

COVID-19 e os impactos na saúde mental: uma amostra do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

“…Another important factor concerns the maintenance of employment and income of these professionals, who have been fundamental for the management, treatment, and control of the pandemic in the state. Several scientific studies show the association between insecurity concerning work and income and mental illness, and those who are still in an uncertain situation regarding the retention of their jobs and the guarantee of income tend to present a higher risk for the development of mental disorders, such as stress, anxiety, and depression 34,35 .…”

A Meta-Analysis of Job Insecurity and Employee Performance: Testing Temporal Aspects, Rating Source, Welfare Regime, and Union Density as Moderators

“…First, text searches of several electronic databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EBSCO) were conducted using the same search terms as in previous meta-analyses of job insecurity [4,9,19], comprising combinations of key terms including “job insecurity,” “job uncertainty,” “job security,” “job security satisfaction,” “satisfaction with job security,” and “employment uncertainty.” Following previous meta-analyses on job insecurity [9,19,32], the searches were restricted to peer-reviewed scientific journal articles written in English and published between 1980, and in the present case, June 2018. Second, we searched the reference lists of numerous articles, including previously published meta-analyses on the consequences of job insecurity [4,5,9,19] and literature reviews on job insecurity [3,6,24,103,104,105] to gather additional relevant articles. Third, we conducted issue-by-issue searches of several academic journals in order to find potentially relevant studies that were not identified through the electronic searches.…”

“…Consistent with the mechanisms described above, job insecurity has consistently been associated with stress-related outcomes such as mental and physical health complaints [5,9,19] as well as outcomes focused on the relationship between employee and organization, such as distrust [46], decreased job satisfaction, and impaired commitment [4,9]. Less consistent across empirical studies, however, are findings on the relationship between job insecurity and employee performance.…”

“…Many employees worry about potential job loss. This is apparent from both population-based empirical studies [1,2] and a number of recently published literature reviews and meta-analyses [3,4,5,6]. There are many drivers of this development, including technological advancements, increased globalized competition, and a general ambition within organizations to increase effectiveness and save costs [7,8].…”

“…This is also the case for the relationship between job insecurity and the various previously studied outcomes [79]. Previous meta-analyses on the consequences of job insecurity have tested methodological factors [4,5,9,19], demographic factors [9,19,80], and a geographical factor (region for country of data collection) [5,80] as moderators in the relationship between job insecurity and outcomes. There have also been numerous calls for the further investigation of possible moderators in the associations between job insecurity and its outcomes [6,8].…”