Incentives in Diabetic Eye Assessment by Screening (IDEAS) trial: a three-armed randomised controlled trial of financial incentives

Judah, Gaby; Darzi, Ara; Vlaev, Ivo; Gunn, Laura H; King, Derek; King, Dominic; Valabhji, Jonathan; Bishop, Lisa; Brown, Adrian; Duncan, Grant; Fogg, Anna; Harris, Gemma; Tyacke, Peter; Bicknell, Colin

doi:10.3310/hsdr05150

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Although his research direction is forward-looking, it lacks reference value. The Judah G trial tested the impact on the adoption of two financial incentive programs based on principles of behavioral economics [ 2 ]. For the derivatives market, he proposed a new contingent claim for domestic or foreign derivatives markets.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Financial Risk Control Model Based on Deep Learning Neural Network

Yang

Mama

Chen

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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In recent years, with the continuous increase of financial business, the risk of business is on the rise. Among them, major risk cases are frequent, the cases are increasingly complex, and the means of committing crimes are concealed. The main research contents of this paper include the preprocessing of internal and external financial data and the structure design of recurrent NNs. Its purpose is to design a financial risk control model based on a deep learning NNs, thereby reducing financial risk. The Borderline-SMOTE algorithm is used first to preprocess the sample data, and the oversampling method is used to eliminate the imbalance of the data, and then, the long short-term memory deep NNs algorithm is introduced to process the sample data with time series characteristics. The final experiment shows that LSTM has a better accuracy, reaching 0.9715, compared with traditional methods; the sample preprocessing method and risk control model proposed in this paper have better ability to identify fraudulent customers, and the model itself has faster iteration efficiency.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Financial Risk Control Model Based on Deep Learning Neural Network

Yang

Mama

Chen

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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“…Providers and staffers felt that transportation, language issues, cultural beliefs or myths, denial and fear were key barriers to DR screening, whereas patients indicated that financial burden and depression were the most common barriers [90]. Judah et al [94] evaluated the effectiveness of financially incentivizing screening among patients in the NHS Diabetic Eye Screening Programme who had not attended an appointment for at least 2 years. There was no difference in attendance between the fixed incentive and control groups (relative risk, 0.70; 95% CI 0.35-1.39), and incentives reduced attendance compared with invitation letters in patients who were regular non-attenders.…”

Section: Barriers To Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was no difference in attendance between the fixed incentive and control groups (relative risk, 0.70; 95% CI 0.35-1.39), and incentives reduced attendance compared with invitation letters in patients who were regular non-attenders. The authors emphasized that future work should focus on non-financial means of overcoming barriers to screening encountered by patients [94].…”

Section: Barriers To Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental principles of an effective diabetic retinopathy screening program

et al. 2020

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Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults worldwide. Early detection and treatment are necessary to forestall vision loss from DR. Methods A working group of ophthalmic and diabetes experts was established to develop a consensus on the key principles of an effective DR screening program. Recommendations are based on analysis of a structured literature review. Results The recommendations for implementing an effective DR screening program are: (1) Examination methods must be suitable for the screening region, and DR classification/grading systems must be systematic and uniformly applied. Twofield retinal imaging is sufficient for DR screening and is preferable to seven-field imaging, and referable DR should be well defined and reliably identifiable by qualified screening staff; (2) in many countries/regions, screening can and should take place outside the ophthalmology clinic; (3) screening staff should be accredited and show evidence of ongoing training; (4) screening programs should adhere to relevant national quality assurance standards; (5) studies that use uniform definitions of risk to determine optimum risk-based screening intervals are required; (6) technology infrastructure should be in place to ensure that high-quality images can be stored securely to protect patient information; (7) although screening for diabetic macular edema (DME) in conjunction with DR evaluations may have merit, there is currently insufficient evidence to support implementation of programs solely for DME screening. Conclusion Use of these recommendations may yield more effective DR screening programs that reduce the risk of vision loss worldwide.

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“…This study was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry (ISRCTN14896403). The report for the funder (National Institute for Health Research) is available online, 9 and justification of the intervention conditions can be found in the published protocol. 10 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial disincentives? A three-armed randomised controlled trial of the effect of financial Incentives in Diabetic Eye Assessment by Screening (IDEAS) trial

Judah¹,

Darzi²,

Vlaev³

et al. 2018

Br J Ophthalmol

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ObjectiveConflicting evidence exists regarding the impact of financial incentives on encouraging attendance at medical screening appointments. The primary aim was to determine whether financial incentives increase attendance at diabetic eye screening in persistent non-attenders.Methods and analysisA three-armed randomised controlled trial was conducted in London in 2015. 1051 participants aged over 16 years, who had not attended eye screening appointments for 2 years or more, were randomised (1.4:1:1 randomisation ratio) to receive the usual invitation letter (control), an offer of £10 cash for attending screening (fixed incentive) or a 1 in 100 chance of winning £1000 (lottery incentive) if they attend. The primary outcome was the proportion of invitees attending screening, and a comparative analysis was performed to assess group differences. Pairwise comparisons of attendance rates were performed, using a conservative Bonferroni correction for independent comparisons.Results34/435 (7.8%) of control, 17/312 (5.5%) of fixed incentive and 10/304 (3.3%) of lottery incentive groups attended. Participants who received any incentive were significantly less likely to attend their appointment compared with controls (risk ratio (RR)=0.56; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.92). Those in the probabilistic incentive group (RR=0.42; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.98), but not the fixed incentive group (RR=1.66; 95% CI 0.65 to 4.21), were significantly less likely to attend than those in the control group.ConclusionFinancial incentives, particularly lottery-based incentives, attract fewer patients to diabetic eye screening than standard invites in this population. Financial incentives should not be used to promote screening unless tested in context, as they may negatively affect attendance rates.

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Incentives in Diabetic Eye Assessment by Screening (IDEAS) trial: a three-armed randomised controlled trial of financial incentives

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Design of Financial Risk Control Model Based on Deep Learning Neural Network

Design of Financial Risk Control Model Based on Deep Learning Neural Network

Fundamental principles of an effective diabetic retinopathy screening program

Financial disincentives? A three-armed randomised controlled trial of the effect of financial Incentives in Diabetic Eye Assessment by Screening (IDEAS) trial

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