Inappropriate Affect

Harris, Arthur; Metcalfe, Maryse

doi:10.1136/jnnp.19.4.308

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As far as it goes, this finding is in agreement with the results of an investigation into the effects of E.C.T. in states of depression (Shapiro, Campbell, Harris, and Dewsbery, 1958), but not with our own results using the block design speed score (Harris and Metcalfe, 1956), which is of course a very different measure from the Nufferno test.…”

Section: Nufferno Test and Affectsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In a previous enquiry we found that it was present in some schizophrenic patients and that those with inappropriate affect showed a greater tendency to it than the others (Harris and Metcalfe, 1956). …”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Further examination of the scores of our original group of patients (Harris and Metcalfe, 1956) showed that those of the patients whose affect was markedly inappropriate were grouped closely together in the slower part of the scale, whereas the scores of the patients with moderately inappropriate affect were scattered over a much greater range. Of the original 40 subjects attempting our test battery, one failed to complete the Nuffemo tests satisfactorily so had to be discarded for our present purpose.…”

Section: Nufferno Test and Affectmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Slowness in Schizophrenia

Harris¹,

Metcalfe²

1959

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Slowness is an abnormality which has been regularly and reliably demonstrated by psychometric tests in patients suffering from all forms of mental illness (Shapiro and Nelson, 1955a). In a previous enquiry we found that it was present in some schizophrenic patients and that those with inappropriate affect showed a greater tendency to it than the others (Harris and Metcalfe, 1956). Nufferno Speed TestIn this investigation we have used only the Nufferno speed test, which is designed to measure speed as distinct from general level of intelligence.It consists of 19 problems of the Thurstone letterseries type in each of which the patient is presented with series of letters and is required to add at the end of the series the letter which is appropriate to the sequence (Furneaux, 1955(Furneaux, , 1956).Every patient was tested on two versions of equal difficulty. In the first or unstressed version (AA) the patient is allowed to work at his own rate, but in the second or stressed version (AB) the examiner urges him to complete the task as quickly as possible.The score for each version is the mean of the logarithms of the times spent for the completion of the items correctly solved in each version. The higher the score, therefore, the slower the patient.Several workers have applied this test to schizophrenic subjects and all report a tendency for them to be slower than normals (Nelson, 1953;Ogilvie, 1954;Shapiro andNelson, 1955a, 1955b;Broadhurst, 1956 Metcalfe, 1956) showed that those of the patients whose affect was markedly inappropriate were grouped closely together in the slower part of the scale, whereas the scores of the patients with moderately inappropriate affect were scattered over a much greater range. Of the original 40 subjects attempting our test battery, one failed to complete the Nuffemo tests satisfactorily so had to be discarded for our present purpose.

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Section: Nufferno Test and Affectsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Nufferno Test and Affectmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Slowness in Schizophrenia

Harris¹,

Metcalfe²

1959

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…More recently, Payne, Caird and Laverty (1962) found that there was a significant tendency for overinclusive thinking to be associated with the presence of delusions. They contrasted this with Harris and Metcalfe's (1956) recent finding that abnormal slowness on tests is, on the other hand, associated with inappropriate affect in a schizophrenic group, and is related to a poor prognosis. Payne et, al. speculated that overinclusive thinking might be a good prognostic index, and Payne (1962) has found that a group of chronic schizophrenic patients were not overinclusive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Overinclusive Thinking in Symptom-Free Schizophrenics

Payne

Ancevich

Laverty

1963

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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1. Three groups of patients who had recovered from their illness, and who showed virtually no symptoms, were tested. Nearly all had received drug treatment for at least a month, and many were still taking drugs. Of the 54 patients, 16 had been diagnosed as schizophrenic, and had been actively deluded in the past. Seventeen had been diagnosed as schizophrenic, but had not been actively deluded. The remaining 21 had not been regarded as schizophrenic. 2. A previous study, testing exactly similar groups prior to treatment, had found the deluded schizophrenics most overinclusive, the non-deluded schizophrenics slightly overinclusive, and the non-schizophrenics normal in this respect. In the present study, there were no significant differences between the three groups on the measure of overinclusion used, the Object Classification Test. Furthermore the subjects were, for all practical purposes, all within the normal range on this measure when compared with previously published data from normal people. It was therefore concluded that overinclusive thinking in schizophrenia is probably a symptom of the illness, and not a permanent personality characteristic of the individuals concerned. 3. Two new tests of overinclusive thinking, both involving the establishment of a perceptual “set”, were tried out to see if they were practicable. The results were negative in that in neither procedure was any set developed. 4. A measure of abnormal retardation was also used, derived from the Object Classification Test. Again, the three groups were not significantly different, nor did they differ from a previously published normal group. This suggests that abnormal retardation, also, is a symptom of the illness of psychotic patients, and not a permanent personality characteristic.

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“…Clinicians' judgements about speech are a key element in diagnosis [9,10], particularly in the context of 'flattened affect', which is linked to poor prognosis and hospitalisation [11,12]. It is obviously a matter of concern that diagnosis might be influenced by individual differences in clinicians' aptitude for impressionistic judgements about speech.…”

Section: Prosody In 'Flattened Affect'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic statistical analysis of the signal and prosodic signs of emotion in speech

Cowie

Douglas‐Cowie

Proceeding of Fourth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing. ICSLP '96

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We highlight two broader domains surrounding specific attributions of emotion and the specific features of speech that underlie them, and argue for caution over compartmentalising these broader domains. It seems to be a general rule that variations in what we call the augmented prosodic domain (APD) are emotive -perhaps because they signal departure from a reference point corresponding to a well-controlled, neutral state. Our studies show that various departures from that reference point are reflected in the APD, including central and sensory impairments (schizophrenia and deafness) as well as emotion. Intuitively it seems right to acknowledge that departures from well-controlled neutrality are highly confusable, and it is unclear that phonetics should to try draw those distinctions more sharply than listeners tend to. A system called ASSESS automatically measures properties in the APD, opening the way to explore it in an empirical spirit.

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Inappropriate Affect

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Slowness in Schizophrenia

Slowness in Schizophrenia

Overinclusive Thinking in Symptom-Free Schizophrenics

Automatic statistical analysis of the signal and prosodic signs of emotion in speech

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