Inactivation of infectious bursal disease virus by binary ethylenimine and formalin

Habib, Md. Ahasan; Hussaın, Iftikhar; Fang, Weihuan; Rajput, Zahid Iqbal; Yang, Zhenzhen; Irshad, Hamid

doi:10.1631/jzus.2006.b0320

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Now more and more report indicated that envelope proteins, especially VP28, could offer shrimp protection against WSSV infection [22][23][24][25]. In this investigation we found that the protection efficacy of inactivated WSSV is dependent on the integrity of envelope proteins as previous report in the vaccination trial of veterinary virus [30,32,39,40]. We also found that the protection will decrease along with day after last vaccination like previous reports [23,27].…”

Section: Disscussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using inactivated WSSV

Zhu

Miao

et al. 2009

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Disscussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using inactivated WSSV

Zhu

Miao

et al. 2009

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Studies must be done to screen for immunogenic response every 3 months PI for 1 year. Moreover, other inactivating agents like binary ethylenimine [ 34 ] should be further compared and studies assessing influence of different inactivation agent on innate immunity (cell mediated immune response) should be done to formulate the best suitable method for WNV vaccine preparation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison ofβ-Propiolactone and Formalin Inactivation on Antigenicity and Immune Response of West Nile Virus

Chowdhury

Topno

Khan

et al. 2015

Advances in Virology

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West Nile Virus (WNV) is a pathogenic arbovirus that belongs to genus Flavivirus under family Flaviviridae. Till now there are no approved vaccines against WNV for human use. In this study, the effect of two alkylating agents, formaldehyde and β-PL, generally used for inactivated vaccine preparation, was assessed on the basis of antigenic and immunogenic potential of the inactivated WNV. Lineage 5 WNV isolates were inactivated by both formalin and β-PL treatments. Inactivation was confirmed by repeated passage in BHK-21 cell line and infant mice. Viruses inactivated by both the treatments showed higher antigenicity. Immune response in mice model showed serum anti-WNV antibody titre was moderately higher in formalin inactivated antigen compared to β-PL inactivated antigen. However, no significant differences were observed in neutralization antibody titre. In conclusion, we can state that both formaldehyde and β-PL inactivation processes were found to be equally efficient for inactivation of WNV. However, they need to be compared with other inactivating agents along with study on cell mediated immune response.

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“…BEI was used to inactivate the virus due to its specific effects on the viral genome that do not damage the viral epitopes [55]. In a previous study, BEI was found to have a minimal slight effect on the epitopes, whereas formaldehyde substantially alters the conformations of the epitopes [56]. BEI is the most promising of the methods of inactivating PRRSV, which include the following: gamma irradiation, formaldehyde, UV modification, and pH modification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective humoral immune response induced by an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing the hypo-glycosylated glycoprotein 5

Lee¹,

Kwon²,

Osorio³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Although inactivated and live vaccines are commercially available for the control of PRRS, both types of vaccine have not always proven successful in terms of generating a protective immune response, particularly in the case of inactivated vaccines. In this study, we tested whether an inactivated vaccine could induce a humoral immune response to PRRS during a homologous challenge. Amino acid substitutions were introduced into glycoprotein (GP) 5 of the FL12 strain of the PRRS virus (PRRSV) using site-directed mutagenesis with a pFL12 infectious clone. The substitutions led to double deglycosylation in the putative glycosylation moieties on GP5. The mutant virus was subsequently inactivated with binary ethylenimine. The efficacy of the inactivated mutant virus was compared with that of the inactivated wild-type PRRSV. Only the inactivated mutant PRRSV induced serum neutralizing antibodies at six weeks post-vaccination. The group that was administered the inactivated mutant virus twice exhibited a significantly increased neutralizing antibody titer after a challenge with the virulent homologous strain and exhibited more rapid clearing of viremia compared to other groups, including the groups that were administered either the inactivated mutant or wild-type virus only once and the group that was administered the inactivated wild-type virus twice. Histopathological examination of lung tissue sections revealed that the group that was administered the inactivated mutant virus twice exhibited significantly thinner alveolar septa, whereas the thickness of the alveolar septa of the other groups were markedly increased due to lymphocyte infiltration. These results indicated that the deglycosylation of GP5 enhanced the immunogenicity of the inactivated mutant PRRSV and that twice administrations of the inactivated mutant virus conferred better protection against the homologous challenge. These findings suggest that the inactivated PRRSV that expresses a hypo-glycosylated GP5 is a potential inactivated vaccine candidate and a valuable tool for controlling PRRS for the swine industry.

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Inactivation of infectious bursal disease virus by binary ethylenimine and formalin

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using inactivated WSSV

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using inactivated WSSV

Comparison ofβ-Propiolactone and Formalin Inactivation on Antigenicity and Immune Response of West Nile Virus

Protective humoral immune response induced by an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing the hypo-glycosylated glycoprotein 5

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