Inactivation of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae by ozone

Abstract

Aims: To clarify the inhibitory effects of ozone on Chlamydia trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. Methods and Results: Cell culture was performed using HeLa229 cells for C. trachomatis, and Human Line cells for C. pneumoniae. C. trachomatis strain D/UW-3/Cx and C. pneumoniae strain AR-39 were used. Ozone water was generated by an ozone water dispenser and diluted to desired concentration just before each experiment. Preinoculation minimum cidal concentration (MCC) and postinoculation MCC methods were employed. In preinoculation MCC, chlamydial strains were treated with serially diluted ozone water followed by inoculation to cells. In postinoculation method, chlamydial strains were inoculated to cells and incubated for 24 h. Then infected cells were treated with ozone water, followed by additional incubation for 48 h. Complete inactivation was obtained in preinoculation MCC method at 0AE5 ppm of ozone water for 30 s, or 4 ppm for 5 s. Conclusion: Ozone at a concentration of 4 ppm was enough for immediate inactivation of both C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. Significance and Impact of the Study: Ozone water at 4 ppm should be applicable for prevention of C. trachomatis urogenital infections.

Biodiversity of amoebae and amoebae‐resisting bacteria in a drinking water treatment plant

“…We also recovered a new Chlamydiales species (Thomas et al ., 2006b) from river water and a P. acanthamoebae strain from both river water and GAC granules. The presence of this Chlamydia ‐related organism after the ozonation step suggests either that it was present within undetected Acanthamoeba spp., which protected the bacteria from ozone, or that P. acanthamoebae itself can resist to ozone treatment, which would differ from the high susceptibility demonstrated for Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Yamazaki et al ., 2004). It also cannot be excluded that this new strain has extended host range and is able to grow in FLA other than Acanthamoeba .…”

Exotic Tourist Destinations and Transmission of Infections by Swimming Pools and Hot Springs—A Literature Review

“…As with all obligatory intracellular parasites, C. trachomatis is unlikely to be affected by chlorination and thus survives well in pool water. Ozone only, in a concentration of 4 ppm, was enough to inactivate C. trachomatis and C. pneumonia according to a study conducted mostly for medical purposes [140].…”

Inactivation of Escherichia coli by O?water

“…In recent years, acidic electrolysed water, neutral electrolysed water and the ozone water have been widely explored for sterilization (Venkitanarayana et al 1999;Nagamatsu et al 2002;Yamazaki et al 2004;Deza et al 2005). The inactivation rate of E. coli with OW of pH 3AE00 is about 0AE07 min )1 , which is obviously lower than that with the electrolysed water (about 1AE4 min )1 ) (Venkitanarayana et al 1999).…”

“…Many bactericidal solutions such as electrolysed water and ozone water have been proved to be highly effective in reducing micro-organisms (Venkitanarayana et al 1999;Nagamatsu et al 2002;Yamazaki et al 2004;Deza et al 2005). Generally, micro-organisms do not always appear in suspension.…”