Inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in sewage by applying pulsed electric fields

Summary and Perspectives on Current Disinfection Technologies in Reducing Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Their Resistance Genes

“…Further studies on these issues are necessary. 53) , and Furukawa et al (2022) 85) , respectively. It should be noted that the values necessary for calculating the total energy consumption of each disinfection technology, which were not listed in the reference paper, were substituted with typical values reported in elsewhere.…”

“…PEF application were 1.55-2.52 log and 1.15-1.28 log, respectively. Furukawa et al (2022) 85) examined the inactivation of vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) and vanA by PEF under different initial voltage values, frequencies, and treatment times and their relationships with ARB and ARG reduction. It was shown that VRE and vanA were reduced below the detection limit (10 CFU/ mL, > 5 log) and 4 log, respectively, by PEF disinfection (initial voltage: 10 kV, frequency: 400 Hz, duration time: 8 min.).…”

“…An important limitation in this study was that the inactivation of ARB and ARGs for actual secondary effluent was not verified. The presence of electrically conductive substances in the water is important for the application of high voltage, which is required for more powerful and efficient disinfection of microorganisms, and the equipment for PEF generation and disinfection chamber should be improved to achieve this purpose 85) . In addition, the mechanism of ARGs inactivation by PEF application is not entirely understood.…”

Understanding the interaction of nucleotides with UVC light: an insight from quantum chemical calculation-based findings

“…Meanwhile, the emergence of these viruses also continuously brings the available viral and bacterial inactivation approaches into the spotlight. For sterilization, a number of disinfection methods, e.g., chemical, [6][7][8] thermal, 6 photochemical, 9,10 and advanced approaches, 11,12 have been explored to inactivate lethal pathogens from contaminated surfaces or in the air. Among these methods, UVC disinfection is regarded as the most promising technique for inactivating pathogens due to its manageable risk and low-cost.…”

A Modified Marx Generator Circuit with Enhanced Tradeoff between Voltage and Pulse Width for Electroporation Applications

“…In general, the process of electroporation largely depends on the performance of the electroporator parameters [12]. The important parameters are a precise pulse period and reduced transient time of the pulses [13][14][15]. In order to produce electroporation pulses, there must be a high voltage, so that it can be controlled in the right way.…”