Inactivated yellow fever 17D vaccine: Development and nonclinical safety, immunogenicity and protective activity

BCX4430, a Novel Nucleoside Analog, Effectively Treats Yellow Fever in a Hamster Model

“…Mortality is not dependent on virus challenge dose (8), and mortality rates between 50% and 100% have been observed after challenge with the same virus challenge dose. This hamster model has been used to evaluate candidate YF antiviral agents (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) and vaccines (16,17) and was used in the current study.…”

An Inactivated Cell-Culture Vaccine against Yellow Fever

“…This finding could reflect the proportionally lower antigen dose per unit of body weight in humans, since a steep dose-response curve was observed in preclinical studies. 4 However, increasing the dose of a similar vaccine against another flavivirus infection, Japanese encephalitis, from 6 to 12 μg failed to permit the conversion of a two-dose regimen to a single-dose regimen. 7 The high antigen dose used in the current study is within the dose range for other approved flavivirus vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis (1.5 to 6 μg).…”

“…The supernatant containing virus is filtered, treated with nuclease to digest host-cell DNA, ultrafiltered and dialyzed, inactivated with β-propiolactone, further purified by means of Cellufine sulfate chromatography, adjusted to obtain the required potency, and adsorbed to 0.2% alum. 4 The stabilizing buffer contains TRIS hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, glutamic acid, mannitol, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, with a pH of 7.5.…”

“…Virus is purified from culture fluid, inactivated with β-propiolactone, adsorbed to 0.2% aluminum hydroxide (alum), and formulated with stabilizers. 4 The vaccine has proved to be highly immunogenic in mice, hamsters, and monkeys and has provided protection against yellow fever virus on challenge testing. 4 We performed the first clinical study of XRX-001.…”

Establishment of Plaque Assay Method for Titrating Yellow Fever Vaccine

“…Among various preventive measures such as vector control, improved hygiene and sanitation and immunization; immunization currently represents the least expensive and most effective means to prevent infection and to avoid subsequent disease [5] [6] . Yellow fever is a vaccine preventable disease and can be controlled by an effective vaccination program [7] .…”