Inactivated vaccines. 1. Volunteer studies with very high doses of influenza vaccine purified by zonal ultracentrifugationPresented by the senior author before the symposium on Influenza Vaccines, London, 27 April 1972.

Mostow, Steven R.; Schoenbaum, Stephen C.; Dowdle, Walter R.; Coleman, Marion T.; Kaye, Harold S.

doi:10.1136/pgmj.49.569.152

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The low protein content (1 pg/15 IU of antigen) of this purified vaccine is probably responsible for the lack of side effects. This corroborates the assumption that cxtraneous contaminates in the influenza vaccine, rather than toxic properties of the viral particles, are responsible for the occurrence of side effects [Eickhoff, 1971;Mostow et al, 1973;Smith et al, 19761.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Clinical and serological response in humans following immunization with gripax influenza vaccine

Morag

Levy

Weil

et al. 1983

Journal of Medical Virology

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A commercial trivalent formol-inactivated influenza vaccine (Gripax) was tested. The vaccine consisted of equal amounts of AiEngland/321/77 (H3N2), B/Hong KongiXi73, and AiUSSRi99177 (HINI) strains.One hundred four females were injected intramuscularly. Eighty-eight (74.6 %) were 17-24 yr old and 16 (15.4%) were 29-45 yr old. Seventy subjects were immunized with 1,200 IU, 24 with 1,680 IU, and 10 with 2,400 IU.A follow-up for adverse side effects was carried out during 72 hr following vaccination. There was no absence from work or school, nor did the subjects develop any systemic symptoms (fever and malaise). Local reactogenic effects were minor and included painless erythema and induration of low dcgree, which were observed in small numbers of the recipients and lasted for no more than 24-48 hr. Localized, axillary lymphadenopathy was noted in one subject.Seventy-four paired sera samples were tested for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) response. A highly reactive response to AiEngland and BiHong Kong strains was observed, as evidenced by an at-least fourfold increase of titers. There was no significant change when a dose of 400 IU or more was given: an 83.6% and 89.4% response was, respectively, recorded for A/England and 69 .O% and 73.6%, respectively, for B/Hong Kong. However, when the dose of AiUSSR was increased, the response was significantly elevated from 56.0 to 84.2%. All the sera tested for neuraminidase inhibition antibody showed a satisfactory response.Regardless of the dose, a single administration of the vaccine sufficed to confer a high degree of immunity against the "old" circulating strains: 94-100% against AiEngland and 79-90.9% against B/Hong Kong. Immunization with 400 IU of the recent strain A/USSR conferred immunity in 50.9% of the cases, whilc the administration of a dose equal to or larger than 560 IU elicited a far higher rate of

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Clinical and serological response in humans following immunization with gripax influenza vaccine

Morag

Levy

Weil

et al. 1983

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…It has been proven in healthy adult population that higher dosages of influenza vaccination provide a good result and improvement in the level of HI titer 33. However, other studies showed that high dosage influenza vaccination in NHL produces better responses and is well tolerated by the patients 34…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Vaccination in Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Therapy

Shehata

Karim

2014

Clin Med Insights Oncol

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BACKGROUNDCancer patients often experience preventable infections, including influenza A and B. These infections can be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. The increased risk of infection may be because of either cancer itself or treatment-induced immunosuppression.1 Influenza immunization has been shown to decrease the risk of influenza infection in patients with intact immunity.2 In cancer patients, active immunization has been shown to confer protective immunity against several infections at similar rates to healthy individuals, which has translated into decreased duration and severity of infection and potentially improved morbidity and mortality.3OBJECTIVESTo assess the efficacy of influenza vaccination in stimulating immunological response in patients with cancer during chemotherapy compared to control groups.To assess the efficacy of influenza vaccination in preventing confirmed influenza and influenza-like illness and/or stimulating immunological response in children with cancer treated with chemotherapy, compared to placebo, no intervention, or different dosage schedules.To determine the adverse effects associated with influenza vaccination in patients with cancer.SEARCH METHODSWe searched MEDLINE/PubMed database for articles published from 1964 to 2013 using the search terms “cancer,” “adult,” “influenza vaccination,” and “chemotherapy.”SELECTION CRITERIAWe included studies based on systematic sampling with defined clinical criteria irrespective of the vaccination status of cancer patients. Studies measure the serological response or clinical response to compare between the study group and the control group. Studies assessed the inactivated influenza vaccines and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) protective serological reaction and the clinical outcomes after vaccination.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSISTwo independent authors assessed the methodological quality of included studies and extracted data.MAIN RESULTSWe included 16 studies (total number of participants = 1,076). None of the included studies reported clinical outcomes. All included studies reported on influenza immunity and adverse reaction on vaccination. We included 6 solid tumor studies and 10 hematological studies. In 12 studies, the serological response to influenza vaccine was compared in patients receiving chemotherapy (n = 425) versus those not receiving chemotherapy (n = 376). In three studies, the serological responses to influenza vaccination in patients receiving chemotherapy are compared to that in healthy adult. Measures used to assess the serological responses included a four-fold rise increase in antibody titer development of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer >40, and pre- and post-vaccination geometric mean titers (GMTs). Immune responses in patients receiving chemotherapy were consistently weaker (four-fold rise of 17–52%) than in those who had completed chemotherapy (50–83%) and healthy patients (67–100%). Concerning adverse effects, oncology patients received influenza vaccine, and the side effects descri...

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“…Therefore, efforts to improve vaccine efficacy in the elderly have focused on increasing serum HAI titers. One strategy has been to increase the HA dose, and several studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in HAI antibodies [10][11][12][13][14]. The standard-dose (SD) vaccine (Fluzone; sanofi pasteur), a licensed trivalent, split-virion, inactivated influenza vaccine, contains the standard amount of HA (15 mg) for each of 3 virus strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Randomized, Double‐Blind Controlled Phase 3 Trial Comparing the Immunogenicity of High‐Dose and Standard‐Dose Influenza Vaccine in Adults 65 Years of Age and Older

Falsey¹,

Treanor²,

Tornieporth³

et al. 2009

J INFECT DIS

335

235

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Inactivated vaccines. 1. Volunteer studies with very high doses of influenza vaccine purified by zonal ultracentrifugationPresented by the senior author before the symposium on Influenza Vaccines, London, 27 April 1972.

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Clinical and serological response in humans following immunization with gripax influenza vaccine

Clinical and serological response in humans following immunization with gripax influenza vaccine

Influenza Vaccination in Cancer Patients Undergoing Systemic Therapy

Randomized, Double‐Blind Controlled Phase 3 Trial Comparing the Immunogenicity of High‐Dose and Standard‐Dose Influenza Vaccine in Adults 65 Years of Age and Older

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