Inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide™ Gel 01 ST elicits virus-specific cross-protective inter-genotypic response in piglets

Abstract

The efficacy of a novel BEI-inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) candidate vaccine in pigs, developed at RIBSP Republic of Kazakhstan and delivered with an adjuvant Montanide™ Gel 01 ST (D/KV/ADJ) was compared with a commercial killed PRRSV vaccine (NVDC-JXA1, C/KV/ADJ) used widely in swine herds of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Clinical parameters (body temperature and respiratory disease scores), virological and immunological profiles [ELISA and virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titers], macroscopic lung lesions and viral load in the lungs (quantitative real-time PCR and cell culture assay) were assessed in vaccinated and both genotype 1 and 2 PRRSV challenged pigs. Our results showed that the commercial vaccine failed to protect pigs adequately against the clinical disease, viremia and lung lesions caused by the challenged field isolates, Kazakh strains of PRRSV type 1 and type 2 genotypes. In contrast, clinical protection, absence of viremia and lung lesions in D/KV/ADJ vaccinated pigs was associated with generation of VN antibodies in both homologous vaccine strain LKZ/2010 (PRRSV type 2) and a heterogeneous type 1 PRRSV strain (CM/08) challenged pigs. Thus, our data indicated the induction of cross-protective VN antibodies by D/KV/ADJ vaccine, and importantly demonstrated that an inactivated PRRSV vaccine could also induce cross-protective response across the viral genotype.

Safety and long-lasting immunity of the combined administration of a modified-live virus vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 and an inactivated vaccine against porcine parvovirus and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in breeding pigs

“…Evidently, this assertion may not always be true as the nature and mechanisms of action of adjuvants are highly diverse [27]. More recently, several groups have demonstrated that specific adjuvants can result in a large improvement in virus-based vaccines against PRRSV [32, 36, 37]. In our study, the causes behind the similarities between CMI responses against different strains and the boosts detected are unknown, as well as the early stimulation of NAs, and merit further investigation.…”

Temporal Patterns of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance and Coinfecting Pathogens in Glaesserella parasuis Strains Isolated from Diseased Swine in Germany from 2006 to 2021

“…Detection of influenza A virus and PRRSV-1 (EU) and -2 (US) was based on commercially available PCR diagnostic kits. A differentiation of PRRSV-1 and -2 was possible with the used PRRSV RT-PCR (EZ-PRRSVTM MPX 4.0 assay, Tetracore R, Rockville, MD, USA) [ 54 ]. All known swine influenza subtypes were detected with a commercially available RT-PCR (EZ-Universal Flu A 2.0 RT-PCR, Tetracore R, Rockville, MD, USA) [ 55 ].…”

Recent Advances in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus NADC30-Like Research in China: Molecular Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Control

“…Different adjuvants (cytokines, chemical reagents, and bacterial products; detailed in Charerntantanakul, 2009 ), different administration routes (intramuscular or into the skin using dissolving microneedle patches), and different inactivation manners [binary ethyleneimine (BEI)-inactivated, beta-propiolactone (BPL)-inactivated, or ultraviolet (UV)-inactivated] have been tested to obtain inactivated PRRSV vaccine candidates to provide a better protective efficacy against clinical PRRSV isolate infection in piglets. Although some attempts could induce humoral immune responses, no successful cases have been reported that provided satisfactory protection efficacy to relieve clinical symptoms and reduce viremia and the pathological changes in the lung and other organs ( Nilubol et al, 2004 ; Tabynov et al, 2016 ; Vreman et al, 2019 , 2021 ).…”