Temporal Patterns of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance and Coinfecting Pathogens in Glaesserella parasuis Strains Isolated from Diseased Swine in Germany from 2006 to 2021

Wiencek, Isabeau; Hartmann, Maria; Merkel, Jörg; Trittmacher, Sara; Kreienbrock, Lothar; Hennig-Pauka, Isabel

doi:10.3390/pathogens11070721

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Previous studies reported that piglets infected with HP-PRRSV2 alone or in combination with Gps suffered from severe interstitial pneumonia [ 7 , 74 , 75 ]. It is also suggested that secondary bacterial infection followed by HP-PRRSV2 infection exacerbates illness and mortality in infected piglets [ 76 , 77 , 78 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2) Infection Augments Inflammatory Responses, Clinical Outcomes, and Pathogen Load in Glaesserella-parasuis-Infected Piglets

Guan

Pang

Ouyang

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Glaesserella parasuis (Gps), Gram-negative bacteria, are a universal respiratory-disease-causing pathogen in swine that colonize the upper respiratory tract. Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2HP-PRRSV2) and Gps coinfections are epidemics in China, but little is known about the influence of concurrent coinfection on disease severity and inflammatory responses. Herein, we studied the effects of secondary HP-PRRS infection on clinical symptoms, pathological changes, pathogen load, and inflammatory response of Gps coinfection in the upper respiratory tract of piglets. All coinfected piglets (HP-PRRSV2 + Gps) displayed fever and severe lesions in the lungs, while fever was present in only a few animals with a single infection (HP-PRRSV2 or Gps). Additionally, HP-PRRSV2 and Gps loading in nasal swabs and blood and lung tissue samples was significantly increased in the coinfected group. Necropsy data showed that coinfected piglets suffered from severe lung damage and had significantly higher antibody titers of HP-PRRSV2 or Gps than single-infected piglets. Moreover, the serum and lung concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) were also significantly higher in coinfected piglets than in those infected with HP-PRRSV2 or Gps alone. In conclusion, our results show that HP-PRRSV2 promotes the shedding and replication of Gps, and their coinfection in the upper respiratory tract aggravates the clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses, causing lung damage. Therefore, in the unavoidable situation of Gps infection in piglets, necessary measures must be made to prevent and control secondary infection with HP-PRRSV2, which can save huge economic losses to the pork industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2) Infection Augments Inflammatory Responses, Clinical Outcomes, and Pathogen Load in Glaesserella-parasuis-Infected Piglets

Guan

Pang

Ouyang

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…SS is divided into 35 serotypes based on capsular polysaccharides [31]. It is a conditionally pathogenic organism [32]. SS2 infections are considered zoonotic infections [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The establishment and application of a one‐step multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, and Glaesserella parasuis

Xin,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Animal Research and One Health

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This article aims to establish a multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of Streptococcus suis (SS), Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), and Glaesserella parasuis (GPS). In this study, three pairs of primers and three probes were designed based on the specific sequences of SS (gdh), SS2 (cps2j), and GPS (infB). The results showed that the assay was not cross‐reacted with other swine pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis; Streptococcus pyogenes). 108 to 102 copies/μL showed the R2 values for SS, SS2, and GPS were 0.999, 0.992, and 0.990, respectively. The multiplex real‐time PCR efficiency was 93.816% for gdh, 105.260% for cps2j, and 93.175% for infB. The sensitivity result showed that SS, SS2, and GPS could be detected at 10 copies/μL. The repeatability result showed that intra‐assay and inter‐assay coefficients of variation of SS, SS2, and GPS were <2%. The best cutoff values for SS, SS2, and GPS were determined from ROC curves to be 35.085, 35.620, and 34.940, respectively. Areas under the curve were 0.943, 0.968, and 0.958. In total, 88 clinical samples were analyzed. The results indicated positive rates of 11.364% (10/88) for SS, 20.455% (18/88) for SS2, and 18.182% (16/88) for GPS. In conclusion, the developed one‐step multiplex real‐time PCR assay may be a valuable tool for the early detection of the SS, SS2 and, GPS with high specificity and sensitivity.

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Temporal Patterns of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance and Coinfecting Pathogens in Glaesserella parasuis Strains Isolated from Diseased Swine in Germany from 2006 to 2021

Cited by 2 publications

References 49 publications

Secondary Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2) Infection Augments Inflammatory Responses, Clinical Outcomes, and Pathogen Load in Glaesserella-parasuis-Infected Piglets

Secondary Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (HP-PRRSV2) Infection Augments Inflammatory Responses, Clinical Outcomes, and Pathogen Load in Glaesserella-parasuis-Infected Piglets

The establishment and application of a one‐step multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, and Glaesserella parasuis

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