In vivo Toxicity Studies of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

Kolosnjaj‐Tabi, Jelena; Szwarc, H.; Moussa, Fathi

doi:10.5772/34201

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…However, the increasing use and mass production of CNTs has sparked concern about the safety of the population and their environmental impact, but the evidence of their in vitro and in vivo toxicity, remains contradictory [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe Administration of Carbon Nanotubes by Intravenous Pathway in BALB/c Mice

et al. 2020

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials with multiple possible uses as drug carriers or in nanovaccine development. However, the toxicity of CNTs administered intravenously in in vivo models has not been fully described to date. This work aimed to evaluate the toxic effect of pristine multi-walled CNTs (UP-CNTs), purified (P-CNTs), or CNTs functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-CNTs) administered by intravenous injection in BALB/c mice. Biochemical and histopathological parameters were analyzed at 1, 14, 29, and 60 days post-exposure. Pristine CNTs were the most toxic nanoparticles in comparison with P-CNTs or FITC-CNTs, increasing serum AST (≈ 180%), ALT (≈ 300%), and LDH (≈ 200%) levels at one day post-exposure. The urea/creatinine ratio suggested pre-renal injury at the 14th day accompanied of extensive lesions in kidneys, lungs, and liver. Biochemical and histological findings in mice exposed to P-CNTs had not significant differences compared to the controls. A lower toxic effect was detected in animals exposed to FITC-CNTs which was attributable to FITC toxicity. These results demonstrate that the purification process of CNTs reduces in vivo toxicity, and that toxicity in functionalized CNTs is dependent on the functionalized compound. Therefore, P-CNTs are postulated as potential candidates for safe biomedical applications using an intravenous pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe Administration of Carbon Nanotubes by Intravenous Pathway in BALB/c Mice

et al. 2020

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“…Photothermal therapy using gold nanoparticles already reached clinical trials (ClinicalTrials. gov Identifiers: NCT01270139 and NCT01436123), yet, as these materials might be extremely bio-persistent [16] and can potentially be toxic [17,18], we suggest alternative bio-compatible materials. Among them, iron oxides appear particularly attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanochains as Photothermal Agents, Disrupting the Extracellular Matrix, and Eradicating Cancer Cells

Kolosnjaj‐Tabi

Kralj

Griseti

et al. 2019

Cancers

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Cancerous cells and the tumor microenvironment are among key elements involved in cancer development, progression, and resistance to treatment. In order to tackle the cells and the extracellular matrix, we herein propose the use of a class of silica-coated iron oxide nanochains, which have superior magnetic responsiveness and can act as efficient photothermal agents. When internalized by different cancer cell lines and normal (non-cancerous) cells, the nanochains are not toxic, as assessed on 2D and 3D cell culture models. Yet, upon irradiation with near infrared light, the nanochains become efficient cytotoxic photothermal agents. Besides, not only do they generate hyperthermia, which effectively eradicates tumor cells in vitro, but they also locally melt the collagen matrix, as we evidence in real-time, using engineered cell sheets with self-secreted extracellular matrix. By simultaneously acting as physical (magnetic and photothermal) effectors and chemical delivery systems, the nanochain-based platforms offer original multimodal possibilities for prospective cancer treatment, affecting both the cells and the extracellular matrix.

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“…CNTs are cylinders of various lengths composed of single layers of carbon, called graphene, and can be single-walled (SWCNTs) or multi-walled (MWCNTs). CNTs can be modified with functional groups, increasing their potential applications by allowing them to bind macromolecules ( Kolosnjaj-Tabi, Szwarc & Moussa, 2012 ; Chen, Xie & Yu, 2011 ). Consequently, the industrial and commercial usage of CNTs has increased several fold over the past decade, and the research and development of new products incorporating CNT materials is rapidly growing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is often due to insufficient characterization of the nanoparticles. During synthesis, carbon sources are used along with metal catalysts, such as cobalt, yttrium, iron, and nickel, which can lead to metal impurities in raw CNTs and often contributes to or enhances toxicity ( Johnston et al, 2010 ; Köhler et al, 2008 ; Kolosnjaj-Tabi, Szwarc & Moussa, 2012 ; Puretzky et al, 2000 ). Small variations in the physiochemical characteristics and the type and level of metal contamination of the CNT can influence cytotoxicity, leading to conflicting results in toxicity studies ( Horie et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of CNTRENE^®C100LM carbon nanotube material on the growth and regulation ofEscherichia coli

Twibell

Somerville

Manani

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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The growing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in industrial and consumer products raises important questions about their environmental fate and impact on prokaryotes. In the environment, CNTs are exposed to a variety of conditions (e.g., UV light) that could lead to decomposition and changes in their chemical properties. Therefore, the potential cytotoxic effect of both pristine and artificially aged carboxyl functionalized CNTRENE® C100LM CNTmaterial at neutral and acidic conditions on Escherichia coli K12 was analyzed using a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, which also allowed monitoring of non-lethal growth effects. However, there were no observable MIC or significant changes in growth behavior in E. coli K12 when exposed to pristine or aged CNTs. Exposure to pristine CNTRENE® C100LM CNT material did not appear to influence cell morphology or damage the cells when examined by electron microscopy. In addition, RNA sequencing revealed no observable regulatory changes in typical stress response pathways. This is surprising considering that previous studies have claimed high cytotoxicity of CNTs, including carboxyl functionalized single-walled CNTs, and suggest that other factors such as trace heavy metals or other impurities are likely responsible for many of the previously reported cytotoxicity in E. coli and possibly other microorganisms.

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In vivo Toxicity Studies of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 75 publications

Safe Administration of Carbon Nanotubes by Intravenous Pathway in BALB/c Mice

Safe Administration of Carbon Nanotubes by Intravenous Pathway in BALB/c Mice

Magnetic Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanochains as Photothermal Agents, Disrupting the Extracellular Matrix, and Eradicating Cancer Cells

Influence of CNTRENE^®C100LM carbon nanotube material on the growth and regulation ofEscherichia coli

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In vivo Toxicity Studies of Pristine Carbon Nanotubes: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 75 publications

Safe Administration of Carbon Nanotubes by Intravenous Pathway in BALB/c Mice

Safe Administration of Carbon Nanotubes by Intravenous Pathway in BALB/c Mice

Magnetic Silica-Coated Iron Oxide Nanochains as Photothermal Agents, Disrupting the Extracellular Matrix, and Eradicating Cancer Cells

Influence of CNTRENE®C100LM carbon nanotube material on the growth and regulation ofEscherichia coli

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Influence of CNTRENE^®C100LM carbon nanotube material on the growth and regulation ofEscherichia coli