In vivo test of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi infection in the humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) from East Java Indonesia

Abstract

Background and Aim: The need for fish seeds resistant to bacterial and viral infections has encouraged studies on the molecular pathogenesis mechanism of Vibrio bacteria, such as Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi, regarding the receptor organs, protein adhesion mechanisms, and antibody responses of the humpback grouper. This study aims to confirm the characteristics of the specific proteins expressed in the receptor organ of the humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) using the expression of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by isolating crude protein and whole cells from both the Vibrio bacteria. In addition, serum and organ tissue were also isolated from fish samples. Then, hemagglutination and dot blot tests with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis were performed to determine the highest expression of receptor from the whole bacterial cells and crude protein from both healthy and infected (V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi) fishes. Scanning electron microscope results showed that V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi could express bundle-forming pili, which is involved in bacterial autoaggregation and the mediation of the initial attachment of bacteria to their host cells. Results: These results indicated that all the specific receptors for protein in fish organs recognized vibriosis antigens. The specificity test showed that the brain, eye, and kidney organs' receptors provided a quality and quantity level of responses at 22.63, 53.95, and 43.15 kDa, respectively. The polyclonal anti-V. alginolyticus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were more cross-reactive than the anti-V. harveyi IgM. Hence, this shows that V. alginolyticus bacteria are more pathogenic than V. harveyi. Conclusion: In the future, the molecular characteristics of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi antigens and the specific receptor organ proteins in the humpback grouper can be developed as the basis for constructing molecular peptide-based vaccine materials.

Pathogenicity test bacteria from Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus aquaculture ponds

“…Austin and Austin (2016), Park et al (2012) and Susanti et al (2016) stated that fish infected with Edwardsiella tarda shows some clinical signs of hemorrhage in organs, exophthalmia (protruding eyes), opacity of the eyes, distended abdomen, bloody ascites, and enlarged spleen and kidneys. Similar to current findings, fish injected with S. agactiae bacteria the Vibrio alginolyticus bacteria (Yanuhar et al, 2022); and E. cloacae (Sekar et al, 2008) revealed the same results that the same damages also occurred in fish kidneys.…”

Comparative proteome analysis revealed potential biomarkers and the underlying immune mechanisms in Vibrio‐resistant hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂

“…infection is the dominant cause of vibriosis outbreaks in grouper aquaculture. Affected grouper typically manifested skin ulceration and haemorrhage and has a low survival rate, leading to a decline in aquaculture productivity (Sheikh et al., 2022; Yanuhar et al., 2022). In the present study, the response of hybrid groupers to V. alginolyticus infection varied among individuals, which is consistent with previous studies showing that different grouper fingerlings could either gain resistance or be susceptible to Vibrio sp.…”

The potential Two Types of Green Macroalgae (Caulerpa racemose and Caulerpa lentillifera) as a Natural Food Preservative from Jepara beach, Indonesia

“…V. alginolyticus is a halophilic gram-negative bacterium with a curved (comma) shape with a length of about 1.4 -5.0 µm and a width of 0.3 -1.3 µm. V. alginolyticus is motile and has flagella with a protective sheath [34]. This species is a natural host of estuarine and marine waters and is widely reported to be a pathogen for various diseases [35], such as wound infections, virulence, gastroenteritis, and other diseases.…”