In vivo Studies for Drug Development via Oral Delivery: Challenges, Animal Models and Techniques

Brake, Katherine; Gumireddy, Ashwini; Tiwari, Amit K.; Chauhan, Harsh; Kumari, Dunesh

doi:10.4172/2153-2435.1000560

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Simpler and effective drug delivery systems can be explored with thorough investigation on metabolism [29]. Oral drug delivery faces challenges in terms of effectiveness, cost, side effects and formulation [30]. The drugs with limited solubility, instability and selective applications are the candidates for research as these are unsuitable for gastroretentive drug delivery systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Delivery and Hydrotropism

2020

International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science

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INTRODUCTION Biotechnology and Drug Delivery SystemBiotechnology is one of the important domains in chemical engineering. As they say, the best processing plant possible is our body system. Almost all the mechanical operations, Reactions (biochemical), separations, downstream processing occur in our body system. Kinetics of biological reactions, enzyme kinetics, gene therapy, recombinant technology, drug delivery are some of the topics in biotechnology. Also, for chemical engineering courses, biotechnology is one of the electives in final year students in India in many universities. It is natural for a chemical engineer to take interest in biotechnology. Drug delivery systems play major role in the utilization of drugs. The mode of injection of the drug plays a major role is deciding ease of drug delivery. For the pharmaceutical compounds, it is very important to have proper drug delivery system which will keep their effect intact during the transportation in side our body [1][2][3][4]. THE MECHANISMThe concentration of the drug inside the body needs to be maintained above certain value to get effect out of the drug. For this purpose, the drug intake is given three to four times a day to the patient. The ability of the person to follow the drug intake schedule and the severity of the drug requirement decides mode of drug delivery which in turn has major role to play in drug transportation. Whenever drug is injected in the bodies, it spreads across various parts of bodies. Its presence is normally undesired in all parts of body. Many investigations are reported on the localized and specific drug delivery systems. In any case, this aspect reduces the amount of drug required also. Localized and specific drug delivery has advantages such as fast and rapid effects and immediate and fast relief for the patient. Diffusion plays very important role in drug delivery. Many time affinities-based mechanisms are used. The concept of hydrotropism plays very significant role in drug delivery [5][6][7][8]. Solubility of a DrugThe solubility of the compound in the solvent plays important role in utilization of the compound for drug delivery. Many common drugs are injected into body by oral route through gastrointestinal Abstract: Drug delivery systems play major role in the utilization of drugs. The mode of injection of the drug plays a major role is deciding ease of drug delivery. For the pharmaceutical compounds, it is very important to have proper drug delivery system which will keep their effect intact during the transportation in side our body. The concentration of the drug inside the body needs to be maintained above certain value to get effect out of the drug. For this purpose, the drug intake is given three to four times a day to the patient. The ability of the person to follow the drug intake schedule and the severity of the drug requirement decides mode of drug delivery which in turn has major role to play in drug transportation. The solubility of the compound in the solvent plays important role in utilization of the co...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Delivery and Hydrotropism

2020

International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science

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“…Oral BA of nutrients and nutraceuticals is defined by most authors as the fraction of the amount ingested that reaches the organs and tissues and participates in the basic metabolic processes or other biological processes (Parada & Aguilera, 2007). Direct measurement of the BA of a compound is achieved by in vivo methods based on pharmacokinetic studies (Brake, Gumireddy, Tiwari, Chauhan, & Kumari, 2017). According to these studies, the most common expression of BA is the relative BA that is the percentage ratio between the area under curve (AUC) corresponding to an orally administered drug compound, and the AUC corresponding to the same compound administered intravenously, when the absorption is considered to be total.…”

Section: Bioavailability Bioaccessibility and Bioactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the assessment of BA or bioaccessibility is an important step in predicting the biological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of bioactive compounds. The inclusion of a bioactive compound in a certain class is the result of in vitro and in vivo tests and the correlation of the results of these tests by certain mathematical models ( in vivo – in vitro correlation) (Brake et al., 2017)…”

Section: Bioavailability and Bioactives Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of food bioactive compounds; overview and assessment by in vitro methods

Dima

Assadpour

Dima

et al. 2020

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

146

100

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Oral bioavailability is the key to the bioefficiency of food bioactive ingredients; it evaluates the relationship between foods and their health benefits. The analysis of the main factors limiting the oral bioavailability (bioaccessibility, absorption, and transformation) has led to the proposal of classification systems for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals (Biopharmaceuticals Classification System and Nutraceutical Bioavailability Classification Scheme). Based on the relevant studies published in the last decade, this review presents the essential aspects regarding the factors limiting the oral bioavailability of the biocomponents and different in vitro methods used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of biocomponents, particularly encapsulated bioactive compounds. Oral bioavailability investigated by in vitro studies provides the food and drug manufacturers with information to formulate delivery systems more efficiently and to determine the dosage of biocomponents for increase the health benefits and avoid or reduce the risk of toxicity.

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“…Various methods have been employed to study the immune system in health and in disease as well as in response to pharmaceutical drugs. These include in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and in silico modeling techniques [25,35,36,37,38]. In the following, we describe existing in vitro immune organs on chips that can facilitate investigations into the human immune physiology to pharmaceutical drugs.…”

Section: Immune Organs-on-chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Immune Organs-on-Chip for Drug Development: A Review

2018

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The current drug development practice lacks reliable and sensitive techniques to evaluate the immunotoxicity of drug candidates, i.e., their effect on the human immune system. This, in part, has resulted in a high attrition rate for novel drugs candidates. Organ-on-chip devices have emerged as key tools that permit the study of human physiology in controlled in vivo simulating environments. Furthermore, there has been a growing interest in developing the so called “body-on-chip” devices to better predict the systemic effects of drug candidates. This review describes existing biomimetic immune organs-on-chip, highlights their physiological relevance to drug development and discovery and emphasizes the need for developing comprehensive immune system-on-chip models. Such immune models can enhance the performance of novel drug candidates during clinical trials and contribute to reducing the high attrition rate as well as the high cost associated with drug development.

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In vivo Studies for Drug Development via Oral Delivery: Challenges, Animal Models and Techniques

Cited by 32 publications

References 86 publications

Drug Delivery and Hydrotropism

Drug Delivery and Hydrotropism

Bioavailability and bioaccessibility of food bioactive compounds; overview and assessment by in vitro methods

In Vitro Immune Organs-on-Chip for Drug Development: A Review

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