In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labeled fatty acids in humans

Larqué, Elvira; Demmelmair, Hans; Berger, Britta; Hasbargen, Uwe; Koletzko, Berthold

doi:10.1194/jlr.m200067-jlr200

Cited by 113 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Laws, Laws, Lean, Dodds and Clarke transported across the placenta more readily than those found in the other oils studied, although this theory is unlikely as it contradicts data from studies in rats and humans (Haggarty et al, 1997;Amusquivar and Herrera, 2003;Larque et al, 2003;Ortega and Herrera, unpublished data). Recent research has suggested that the type of dietary fat rather than the total fat content of the diet is important in determining neonatal outcome (Jean and Chiang, 1999;Rooke et al, 2001a, b and c).…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 79%

Growth and development of offspring following supplementation of sow diets with oil during early to mid gestation

Laws

Lean

et al. 2007

Animal

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The role of dietary fat during early pregnancy in sows has not yet been fully established. The aim of the study was to determine the consequences of altering the fatty acid profile of sow diets during the first half of gestation; oils of different fatty acid composition were chosen as energy supplements to provide diets with different fatty acid profiles. A group of 48 multiparous sows were used to evaluate the effects of supplemental feeding during the first 60 days of gestation (term ≈ 115 days). Sows were allocated (eight per treatment) to either 3 kg/day of commercial sow pellets (control; C) or an experimental diet consisting of 3 kg/day of commercial sow pellets supplemented with 10% extra energy in the form of excess pellets (E), palm oil (P), olive oil (O), sunflower oil (S) or fish oil (F). Differential effects were observed with respect to the fatty acid profile of the diet during the first half of gestation. P sows gave birth to the largest litters. Both P and O supplementation of the maternal diet resulted in heavier piglets at birth, after correction for differences in litter size. P piglets possessed the most fat at birth and remained fatter throughout the pre-weaning period; in contrast, the offspring of O sows contained the least fat throughout life (0 to 140 days of age). The offspring of F sows exhibited improved growth performance during the neonatal period. In conclusion, altering the fatty acid profile of sow diets during the first half of gestation has long-term consequences for the growth and development of their offspring.

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Section: --mentioning

confidence: 79%

Growth and development of offspring following supplementation of sow diets with oil during early to mid gestation

Laws

Lean

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…However, there is evidence that this order of selectivity is not fixed, but that it can change with the particular mixture of fatty acids available in the maternal circulation (Haggarty et al, 1999), which in turn is largely determined by the maternal diet. Recent in vivo evidence from sophisticated tracer studies using 13 C-labelled fatty acids administered to the mother immediately before caesarean section have also shown selective channelling of particular fatty acids to the fetal circulation (Larque et al, 2003).…”

Section: Maternalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of placental function on fatty acid requirements during pregnancy

Haggarty¹

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

187

156

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The fetus has an absolute requirement for the n-3/n-6 fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA) in particular is essential for the development of the brain and retina. Most of the fat deposition in the fetus occurs in the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. The likely rate of DHA utilisation during late pregnancy cannot be met from dietary sources alone in a significant proportion of mothers. De novo synthesis makes up some of the shortfall but the available evidence suggests that the maternal adipose tissue makes a significant contribution to placental transport to the fetus. The placenta plays a crucial role in mobilising the maternal adipose tissue and actively concentrating and channelling the important n-3/n-6 fatty acids to the fetus via multiple mechanisms including selective uptake by the syncytiotrophoblast, intracellular metabolic channelling, and selective export to the fetal circulation. These mechanisms protect the fetus against low long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intakes in the last trimester of pregnancy and have the effect of reducing the maternal dietary requirement for preformed DHA at this time. As a result of these adaptations, small changes in the composition of the habitual maternal diet before pregnancy are likely to be more effective in improving LCPUFA delivery to the fetus than large dietary changes in late pregnancy. There is little evidence that DHA intake/status in the second half of pregnancy affects visual and cognitive function in the offspring, but more studies are needed, particularly in children born to vegetarian and vegan and mothers who may have very low intakes of DHA.

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“…In addition, recent data indicate that there is inter-individual variation in the ability to convert the precursor ALA to n-3 LCPUFA and, particularly to DHA, which is related to common polymorphisms in the human ∆-5 and ∆-6 desaturase genes FADS1 and FADS2 (Schaeffer et al, 2006). DHA is preferentially transferred across the human placenta to the foetus mediated by specific transfer proteins (Larque et al, 2003 and.…”

Section: Cis N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (N-3 Pufa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol

Publication¹

2010

EFS2

623

263

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This Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) deals with the setting of Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for fats. A lower bound of the reference intake range for total fat of 20 energy % (E%) and an upper bound of 35 E% are proposed. Fat intake in infants can gradually be reduced from 40 E% in the 6-12 month period to 35-40 E% in the 2 nd and 3 rd year of life. For specific fatty acids the following is proposed: saturated fatty acid (SFA) and trans fatty acid intake should be as low as possible; not to set any DRV for cis-monounsaturated fatty acids; not to formulate a DRV for the intake of total cispolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); not to set specific values for the n-3/n-6 ratio; to set an Adequate Intake (AI) of 4 E% for linoleic acid (LA); not to set any DRV for arachidonic acid; not to set an UL for total or any of the n-6 PUFA; to set an AI for alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) of 0.5 E%; not to set an UL for ALA; to set an AI of 250 mg for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for adults; to set an AI of 100 mg DHA for infants (>6 months) and young children <24 months; to increase by 100-200 mg preformed DHA in addition to the AI for adults as an adequate supply of n-3 long chain PUFA during pregnancy and lactation; not to set any DRV for conjugated linoleic acid. For cholesterol it was decided not to propose a reference value beside the limitation on the intake of SFA.

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In vivo investigation of the placental transfer of 13C-labeled fatty acids in humans

Abstract: Placental fatty acid transfer in humans in vivo was studied using stable isotopes. Four pregnant women undergoing cesarean section received 4 h before delivery an oral dose of

Cited by 113 publications

References 29 publications

Growth and development of offspring following supplementation of sow diets with oil during early to mid gestation

Growth and development of offspring following supplementation of sow diets with oil during early to mid gestation

Effect of placental function on fatty acid requirements during pregnancy

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol

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