In vivo interference by Newcastle disease virus in chickens, the natural host of the virus

Abstract

Homologous and heterologous viral interference is a common occurrence that has been well studied in vitro. In the present study, homologous viral interference between the LaSota and NYP strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was studied in vivo in chickens, the natural host for NDV. The LaSota strain is avirulent and widely used as a vaccine in poultry industry, while the NYP strain is highly virulent and causes acute disease and death in chickens within four to six days after infection. Chickens generally became resistant to NYP strain challenge 12 hours after intranasal or intratracheal inoculation with LaSota strain virus. The resistance was manifested by reduction in chicken morbidity and mortality, decrease in virus replication in the chicken respiratory tract (p less than 0.05), and inhibition of NYP strain induced gross and microscopic lesions. Interferon was first detected in the chicken respiratory tract and blood at 3 to 6 hours; it peaked at 12 to 24 hours and was maintained for 48 hours after viral inoculation, indicating that interferon induction might be one possible mechanism of the interference between the two strains. This study suggests a role for viral interference in vaccination against virulent viruses.

Virological and Immunological Outcomes of Coinfections

“…In addition, enteroviruses also interfered with poliovirus vaccines and led to vaccine failure (306). A similar phenomenon has been experienced with diverse groups of viruses, such as NDV (307), IAV (308), and DENV (268). However, the interference varies with the cell types and virus prototypes involved.…”

In-vitro and in-vivo study of the interference between Rift Valley fever virus (clone 13) and Sheeppox/Lumpy Skin disease viruses

“…The interference was due to the production of antibody which constrains the growth of the secondary virus upon vaccination 28 , 37 . Viral interference has been shown for other vaccines and viruses, such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens, infectious bronchitis virus and NDV vaccine strains 38 and experienced with diverse groups of viruses such as dengue virus 39 . Consequently, understanding viral interference is of an extreme importance for the formulation of any successful vaccine combination 40 .…”

Optimization of Newcastle disease virus production in T-flask

“…While a circular contour plot indicates that the interactions between related factors are negligible [17]. By analyzing the 3D response surface plots and the corresponding 2D contour plots, the optimal values of the independent factors could be observed, and the interaction between each independent factor can be easily understood [15]. Figure 2 shows elliptical contour plots since the interactive term between serum concentration and MOI, AB was significant (refer to Table 2).…”