In vivo imaging of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission from a rat’s brain correlated with cerebral energy metabolism and oxidative stress

Kobayashi, Masaki; Takeda, Motohiro; Sato, Tomoo; Yamazaki, Yoshihiko; Kaneko, Kenya; Ito, Kenichi; Katô, Hiroshi; Inaba, Humio

doi:10.1016/s0168-0102(99)00040-1

Cited by 159 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…(3) A return of UPE to baseline level in the reperfusion phase was observed by [10,11], partially in agreement with our results since UPE increased in our study after the AO in the second reperfusion phase but not reached the baseline level. Our results also agree with findings that during hyperoxia (by changing the oxygen of the inhaled air), brain tissue of the rat showed an UPE increase above baseline level [9]. A peak in lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (corresponding to an increased 1 O2 production) in the reperfusion phase after hypoxia in rat brain tissue was found in another study [20].…”

Section: Signal Processing and Data Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Up to now, only a few studies [7][8][9][10][11] have investigated the effect of a temporally local shortage in blood supply (ischemia) and blood oxygenation (hypoxia) on UPE of intact organisms, some of these focusing on humans. To gain further insights into the interplay between UPE dynamics, changes in hemodynamics (HD) (i.e., blood flow/volume) and oxygenation (OX), the aim of the present study was to measure UPE, surrogates of HD and OX simultaneously for the first time on a human using two photomultipliers and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Venous and Arterial Occlusion of the Arm on Changes in Tissue Hemodynamics, Oxygenation, and Ultra-Weak Photon Emission

Scholkmann

Schraa²,

Wijk³

et al. 2012

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is a general feature of living -biological systems. To gain further insights into the origin of UPE and its physiological significance, the aim of the present study was to investigate the connection between hemodynamics (HD), oxygenation (OX), and UPE. Therefore, during venous and arterial occlusion (VO, AO), changes of UPE and surrogates of HD as well as OX were measured simultaneously using two photomultipliers and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. We showed that (1) changes in UPE correlate significantly nonlinearly with changes in oxyhemoglobin, indicating a complex association between UPE and tissue HD/OX; (2) UPE decreases significantly during AO but not during VO; (3) UPE increases significantly after AO; and (4) the view that ROS are the source of UPE is generally supported by the present study, although some findings remain unexplained in the context of the theory of ROS-mediated UPE generation. In conclusion, the present study revealed new insights into the interplay between HD, OX, and UPE and opens up new questions that have to be addressed by future studies. Abstract: Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is a general feature of living biological systems. To gain further insights into the origin of UPE and its physiological significance, the aim of the present study was to investigate the connection between hemodynamics (HD), oxygenation (OX), and UPE. Therefore, during venous and arterial occlusion (VO, AO), changes of UPE and surrogates of HD as well as OX were measured simultaneously using two photomultipliers and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. We showed that (1) , indicating a complex association between UPE and tissue HD/OX; (2) UPE decreases significantly during AO but not during VO; (3) UPE increases significantly after AO; and (4) the view that ROS are the source of UPE is generally supported by the present study, although some findings remain unexplained in the context of the theory of ROS-mediated UPE generation. In conclusion, the present study revealed new insights into the interplay between HD, OX, and UPE and opens up new questions that have to be addressed by future studies.

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Section: Signal Processing and Data Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Venous and Arterial Occlusion of the Arm on Changes in Tissue Hemodynamics, Oxygenation, and Ultra-Weak Photon Emission

Scholkmann

Schraa²,

Wijk³

et al. 2012

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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show abstract

“…It could be also that proton channels play a role in UPE generation, as the NADPH-NADP + balance (Blacker et al, 2014) has a key role in redox and ROS-mediated processes that are the bases for photon emission processes. Kobayashi et al (1999b) reported an increase in UPE induced by the addition of 10 mm glutamate. They found that UPE intensity correlated with EEG activity that was measured on the cortical surface, and this intensity was associated with cerebral blood flow and hyperoxia.…”

Section: Phosphene Generation In the Visual Cortex By Means Of Excessmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It was reported that this UPE is correlated with cerebral energy metabolism, cerebral blood flow, oxidative processes, and neuronal brain activity [measured using electroencephalography (EEG)] in the rat brain in vivo (Kobayashi et al, 1999b). This implies that there is a neural activity-dependent UPE constantly happening in the brain (Isojima et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphene perception is due to the ultra-weak photon emission produced in various parts of the visual system: glutamate in the focus

Császár¹,

Scholkmann²,

Salari³

et al. 2016

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractPhosphenes are experienced sensations of light, when there is no light causing them. The physiological processes underlying this phenomenon are still not well understood. Previously, we proposed a novel biopsychophysical approach concerning the cause of phosphenes based on the assumption that cellular endogenous ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is the biophysical cause leading to the sensation of phosphenes. Briefly summarized, the visual sensation of light (phosphenes) is likely to be due to the inherent perception of UPE of cells in the visual system. If the intensity of spontaneous or induced photon emission of cells in the visual system exceeds a distinct threshold, it is hypothesized that it can become a conscious light sensation. Discussing several new and previous experiments, we point out that the UPE theory of phosphenes should be really considered as a scientifically appropriate and provable mechanism to explain the physiological basis of phosphenes. In the present paper, we also present our idea that some experiments may support that the cortical phosphene lights are due to the glutamate-related excess UPE in the occipital cortex.

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“…It is now evident, however, that the concept has been oversimplified, and that the intensity of ROS generation in various brain regions strongly depends on energy metabolism and electrophysiological activity of the brain. 79,80 Furthermore, species-specific traits of animals' behavior are linked to peculiarities of brain oxidative metabolism. These peculiarities are determined by the ratio of oxygen supply and consumption to activities of oxidative enzymes.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Oxys Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence-accelerated OXYS rats: A model of age-related cognitive decline with relevance to abnormalities in Alzheimer disease

et al. 2014

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Senescence-accelerated OXYS rats are an experimental model of accelerated aging that was established from wistar stock via selection for susceptibility to cataractogenic effects of a galactose-rich diet and via subsequent inbreeding of highly susceptible rats. Currently, we have the 102nd generation of OXYS rats with spontaneously developing cataract and accelerated senescence syndrome, which means early development of a phenotype similar to human geriatric disorders, including accelerated brain aging. in recent years, our group found strong evidence that OXYS rats are a promising model for studies of the mechanisms of brain aging and neurodegenerative processes similar to those seen in Alzheimer disease (AD). The manifestation of behavioral alterations and learning and memory deficits develop since the fourth week of age, i.e., simultaneously with first signs of neurodegeneration detectable on magnetic resonance imaging and under a light microscope. in addition, impaired long-term potentiation has been demonstrated in OXYS rats by the age of 3 months. with age, neurodegenerative changes in the brain of OXYS rats become amplified. we have shown that this deterioration happens against the background of overproduction of amyloid precursor protein (AβPP), accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ), and hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein in the hippocampus and cortex. The development of AMDlike retinopathy in OXYS rats is also accompanied by increased accumulation of Aβ in the retina. These published data suggest that the OXYS strain may serve as a spontaneous rat model of AD-like pathology and could help to decipher the pathogenesis of AD.

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In vivo imaging of spontaneous ultraweak photon emission from a rat’s brain correlated with cerebral energy metabolism and oxidative stress

Cited by 159 publications

References 33 publications

The Effect of Venous and Arterial Occlusion of the Arm on Changes in Tissue Hemodynamics, Oxygenation, and Ultra-Weak Photon Emission

The Effect of Venous and Arterial Occlusion of the Arm on Changes in Tissue Hemodynamics, Oxygenation, and Ultra-Weak Photon Emission

Phosphene perception is due to the ultra-weak photon emission produced in various parts of the visual system: glutamate in the focus

Senescence-accelerated OXYS rats: A model of age-related cognitive decline with relevance to abnormalities in Alzheimer disease

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