In Vivo Hypoglycemic Activities of Male and Female Antidesma Bunius (L.) Spreng. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, a complex chronic disease that is associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) affects millions of people worldwide. This study evaluated the hypoglycemic activities of male and female Antidesma bunius, commonly known as currant tree or bignay, extracts in alloxan-treated ICR mice. In addition, the effects of the treatments on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were determined. Phytochemical screening using standard protocol was performed. Plant extracts (500 mg/kg) were administered orally via gavage for 14 days and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were monitored prior to alloxan-induction on the day of alloxan-induction, and on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days of treatment. Sera were collected on the 14th day to measure the BUN and creatinine levels. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard TLC spray tests. All extracts were found to significantly lower FBG levels compared to the positive (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg) and negative (distilled water) controls (One-way ANOVA, p-value<0.0001). The most active extract, aqueous male A. bunius extract, significantly lowered FBG levels by as much as 61.26±17.89% after the 14th day (paired t-test, p-value = 0.0211). Both BUN and creatinine values were found to be significantly different in the treated mice compared to the controls (One-way ANOVA, p-value = 0.0005 and 0.000479, respectively). The BUN level of all mice was still within normal range, unlike with the creatinine level where only the female and male aqueous A. bunius and female ethanolic A. bunius extracts were within normal range. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, tannins, and polyphenols, phlobatannins, steroids and terpenoids. This study demonstrates the potential of male and female A. bunius leaf extracts to reduce fasting blood glucose levels. Additional work, pertaining to the identification of possible bioactive compounds and establishing the mechanisms thereof, could be performed.

Antidiabetic Properties and Toxicological Assessment of Antidesma celebicum Miq: Ethanolic Leaves Extract in Sprague–Dawley Rats

“…It was found that the administration of A. bunius extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW for 28 days and 500 mg/kg BW for 14 days ought to reduce rat blood glucose. It is hoped that by giving the same dose as in the A. bunius study, EEAC will also provide similar benefits [ 6 , 32 ]. When translated into human doses, the amount of 200 mg/kg BW in rats is equal to 37.84 mg/kg BW in humans, while a dose of 400 mg/kg BW is equal to 75.68 mg/kg BW; this means it takes 2–4.5 g of EEAC for a human weighing 60 kg [ 33 ].…”

“…is commonly used as a herbal remedy to deal with diabetes in Mascarene Islands, Madagascar [ 5 ]. Another species of Antidesma genus known as bignai in Filipino, Antidesma bunius is also used as a traditional antidiabetic medicine in the Philippines [ 6 ]. In Indonesia, there are also many plants of the Antidesma genus, such as A. bunius , Antidesma neurocarpum , Antidesma montanum , Antidesma baccatum , and Antidesma celebicum , which mostly grow in Jember, Sulawesi, Halmahera, and Ayawasi, Irian Jaya [ 7 ].…”

Integrating Computational Methods in Network Pharmacology and In Silico Screening to Uncover Multi-targeting Phytochemicals against Aberrant Protein Glycosylation in Lung Cancer

“…Six Philippine fruit trees, namely Lansium domesticum (langsat/lanzones), Mangifera indica (mango), Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit/langka), Antidesma bunius (bignay), Manilkara zapota (sapodilla/chico), and Annona muricata (soursop/guyabano), were selected as possible sources of phytochemicals against lung cancer. We previously reported that leaf extract fractions from these plants have high cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cells. − An in-house database composed of 226 natural product compounds previously isolated from L. domesticum , − M. indica , − A. muricata , A. bunius , , M. zapota , and A. heterophyllus was prepared based on extensive literature search using the PubMed NCBI database (). This was also supplemented with chemical information retrieved from PubChem NCBI database ().…”

“…We previously reported that leaf extract fractions from these plants have high cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cells. 13 − 16 An in-house database composed of 226 natural product compounds previously isolated from L. domesticum , 17 − 22 M. indica , 23 − 26 A. muricata , 27 A. bunius , 15 , 28 M. zapota , 29 and A. heterophyllus was prepared based on extensive literature search using the PubMed NCBI database ( ). This was also supplemented with chemical information retrieved from PubChem NCBI database ( ).…”

Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. (Foodstuffs and Its Bioactivity)

“…Local communities in the Philippines have long used A. bunius to treat diabetes (Tanquilut et al, 2019). The A. bunius extract (500 mg/kg) administered orally via gavage for 14 days significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels compared to positive controls (glibenclamide 10 mg/kg) (Grijaldo et al, 2019). The bioactivity of A. bunius stem bark ethanol extract as anti-diabetes mellitus is related to glucosidase inhibition (Elya et al, 2012).…”