In Vivo Gastroprotective and Antidepressant Effects of Iridoids, Verbascoside and Tenuifloroside from Castilleja tenuiflora Benth

Abstract

Stress is an important factor in the etiology of some illnesses such as gastric ulcers and depression. Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae) is used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and nervous disorders. Previous studies indicated that organic extracts from C. tenuiflora had gastroprotective effects and antidepressant activity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective and antidepressant activity of fractions and isolated compounds from the methanolic extract (MECt) of C. tenuiflora in stressed mice. Chromatographic fractionation of MECt produced four fractions (FCt-1, FCt-2, CFt-3, and FCt-4) as well as four bioactive compounds which were identified using TLC, HPLC and NMR analyses. The cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced gastric ulcer model followed by the tail suspension test and the forced swim test were used to evaluate the gastroprotective effect and antidepressant activity of the extract fractions. FCt-2 and FCt-3 at 100 mg/kg had significant gastroprotective and antidepressant effects. All isolated compounds (verbascoside, teniufloroside and mixture geniposide/ musseanoside) displayed gastroprotective effects and antidepressant activity at 1 or 2 mg/kg. The above results allow us to conclude that these polyphenols and iridoids from C. tenuiflora are responsible for the gastroprotective and antidepressant effects.

Synergism and Subadditivity of Verbascoside-Lignans and -Iridoids Binary Mixtures Isolated from Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. on NF-κB/AP-1 Inhibition Activity

“…In the case of compound 3, this furofuran lignan produced the characteristic UV absorptions (λ max : 207, 229, and 282 nm) and m / z (ESI [M + Na] + : 674.26 m / z ) of tenuifloroside previously described by Herrera-Ruiz et al [ 4 ]. Compound 2 UV spectra and retention time matched with the geniposide reported by López-Rodríguez et al [ 9 ]. The presence of geniposide was confirmed by mass spectra analysis (ESI [M + H] + : 389.52 m / z ).…”

“…Castilleja tenuiflora is characterized by the presence of glycoside iridoids, flavonoids, phenylethanoids, and lignans in its chemical profile. In this work, we isolated aucubin and geniposide as major iridoids [ 3 , 9 ], verbascoside as a major phenylethanoid glycoside [ 5 ], and tenuifloroside, eudesmin, magnolin, kobusin, and sesamin as major lignans. Until now, tenuifloroside was the only furofuran lignan reported for C. tenuiflora [ 4 ], so this is the first time that eudesmin, magnolin, kobusin, and sesamin are reported for this species.…”

“…The pharmacological properties of C. tenuiflora have been related to the presence of plant secondary metabolites (PSM), such as glycosylated iridoids: aucubin, geniposidic acid, bartsioside, 8-epiloganin, mussaenoside, carioptoside, and geniposide [ 3 ]; flavonoids: apigenin and luteolin 5-methyl ether [ 4 ]; phenylethanoids: verbascoside and isoverbascoside [ 5 ]; and lignans: tenuifloroside [ 4 ]. Methanolic extracts from wild C. tenuiflora collected from different populations (Juchitepec and Parque Nacional Lagunas de Zempoala, Mexico), displayed different pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic [ 6 ], antioxidant [ 6 , 7 ], anti-inflammatory [ 3 , 8 ], antiulcerogenic [ 8 ], antidepressant [ 4 , 9 ], and sedative [ 4 ]. However, these effects were not consistent with the collection site.…”

Influence of spermine and nitrogen deficiency on growth and secondary metabolites accumulation in Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. cultured in a RITA® temporary immersion system

“…This species synthesizes secondary metabolites such as iridoid glycosides , phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) , flavonoids , and lignans . These compounds have been shown to have valuable pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic , antioxidant , anti‐inflammatory , antiulcer and anti‐depressant effects .…”

“…shown to have valuable pharmacological activities such as cytotoxic [8], antioxidant [6], anti-inflammatory [4,9], antiulcer and anti-depressant effects [7,10].…”