In vivo friction study of human skin: Influence of moisturizers on different anatomical sites

Ramalho, A.; Silva, Cláudia L.; Pais, Alberto A. C. C.; Sousa, João

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.051

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The spread of Vaseline through the skin can act as a barrier to lock moisture in the skin The relationship between different substances applied to the skin (lubricating conditions) and fabric friction has not been studied in detail before. Only the moisture content between the human skin and textiles has been the object of several studies [7,23]. Figure 8 shows the effect of different lubricating conditions: Vaseline (Vaseline was scattered and absorbed by the skin prior to testing) and wet skin, on the coefficient of friction for four different body regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction of Human Skin against Different Fabrics for Medical Use

Vilhena

Ramalho

2016

Lubricants

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Knowledge of the tribology of human skin is essential to improve and optimize surfaces and materials in contact with the skin. Besides that, friction between the human skin and textiles is a critical factor in the formation of skin injuries, which are caused if the loads and shear forces are high enough and/or over long periods of time. This factor is of particular importance in bedridden patients, since they are not moving about or are confined to wheelchairs. Decubitus ulcers are one of the most frequently-reported iatrogenic injuries in developed countries. The risk of developing decubitus ulcers can be predicted by using the "Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk" that was developed in 1987 and contains six areas of risk (cognitive-perceptual, immobility, inactivity, moisture, nutrition, friction/shear), although there are limitations to the use of such tools. The coefficient of friction of textiles against skin is mainly influenced by: the nature of the textile, skin moisture content and ambient humidity. This study will investigate how skin friction (different anatomical regions) varies, rubbing against different types of contacting materials (i.e., fabrics for medical use) under different contact conditions and their relationship in the formation and prevention of decubitus ulcers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction of Human Skin against Different Fabrics for Medical Use

Vilhena

Ramalho

2016

Lubricants

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“…The relatively constant in vivo skin-COFs in a similar normal load range (up to 15 N) indicate that both adhesion and deformation (hysteresis) contribute to skinfriction. Deformation was found to be important for skinfriction not only at increasing sliding speeds [24], but also at high contact pressures [22][23][24]51].…”

Section: Friction Experiments: Influence Of Normal Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally acknowledged that skin-friction depends on the type of contacting materials, as well as on the physiological skin condition (e.g. hydration state [15,20,21]) and on mechanical contact parameters, especially on the normal load and the sliding velocity [20,[22][23][24] as a consequence of the viscoelastic material properties of human skin. The role of sebum lipids and their interactions with water have not been fully elucidated yet [16,17,25,26] and were controversially debated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Characterisation and Tribological Investigation of Artificial Skin Surface Lipid Films

et al. 2009

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This article deals with the tribology of lipid coatings that resemble those found on human skin. In order to simulate the lipidic surface chemistry of human skin, an artificial sebum formulation that closely resembles human sebum was spray-coated onto mechanical skin models in physiologically relevant concentrations (5-100 lg/cm 2 ). Water contact angles and surface free energies (SFEs) showed that model surfaces with B25 lg/cm 2 lipids appropriately mimic the physico-chemical properties of dry, sebum-poor skin regions. In friction experiments with a steel ball, lipid-coated model surfaces demonstrated lubrication effects over a wide range of sliding velocities and normal loads. In friction measurements on model surfaces as a function of lipid-film thickness, a clear minimum in the friction coefficient (COF) was observed in the case of hydrophilic, high-SFE materials (steel, glass), with the lowest COF (&0.5) against skin model surfaces being found at 25 lg/cm 2 lipids. For hydrophobic, low-SFE polymers, the COF was considerably lower (0.4 for PP, 0.16 for PTFE) and relatively independent of the lipid amount, indicating that both the mechanical and surface-chemical properties of the sliders strongly influence the friction behaviour of the skin-model surfaces. Lipid-coated skin models might be a valuable tool not only for tribologists but also for cosmetic chemists, in that they allow the objective study of friction, adhesion and wetting behaviour of liquids and emulsions on simulated skinsurface conditions.

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“…The effects of a number of parameters on finger friction, have been investigated previously, for example, load [1][2][3], surface textures, different materials, contact area, and moisture (for more details see the reviews of finger and skin tribology in references [4] and [5]. "Real" contact area is perhaps the biggest influencing factor on finger friction and this is affected significantly by the parameters mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Friction Mechanisms Between the Human Finger and Flat Contacting Surfaces in Moist Conditions

et al. 2010

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Human hands sweat in different circumstances and the presence of sweat can alter the friction between the hand and contacting surface. It is therefore important to understand how hand moisture varies between people, during different activities and the effect of this on friction.In this study a survey of fingertip moisture was done. Friction tests were then carried out to investigate the effect of moisture.Moisture was added to the surface of the finger, the finger was soaked in water, and water was added to the counter-surface; the friction of the contact was then measured. It was found that the friction increased, up until a certain level of moisture and then decreased. The increase in friction has previously been explained by viscous shearing, water absorption and capillary adhesion. The results from the experiments enabled the mechanisms to be investigated analytically. This study found that water absorption is the principle mechanism responsible for the increase in friction, followed by capillary adhesion, although it was not conclusively proved that this contributes significantly. Both these mechanisms increase friction by increasing the area of contact and therefore adhesion. Viscous shearing in the liquid bridges has negligible effect. There are, however, many limitations in the modelling that need further exploration.

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In vivo friction study of human skin: Influence of moisturizers on different anatomical sites

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Friction of Human Skin against Different Fabrics for Medical Use

Friction of Human Skin against Different Fabrics for Medical Use

Fabrication, Characterisation and Tribological Investigation of Artificial Skin Surface Lipid Films

Understanding the Friction Mechanisms Between the Human Finger and Flat Contacting Surfaces in Moist Conditions

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