In Vivo Crypt Surface Hyperproliferation Is Decreased by Butyrate and Increased by Deoxycholate in Normal Rat Colon: Associated In Vivo Effects on c‐Fos and c‐Jun Expression

Velázquez, Omaida C.; Zhou, Dongying; Seto, Renée W.; Jabbar, Abdul; Choi, Jae S.; Lederer, Howard M.; Rombeau, John L.

doi:10.1177/0148607196020004243

Cited by 63 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…First, increased Fos has been reported in aberrant crypt foci, the earliest detectable lesions in colon cancers (Stopera et al, 1992), suggesting that Cdx-2 expression may already be a ected during early stages of tumorigenesis. Second, PKC activity and the Jun/Fos balance are modulated by dietary components having either a promoting e ect or a protective role on colonic tumours (Davidson et al, 1995;Velazquez et al, 1996). Hence, it is conceivable that the endogenous level of Cdx-2 expression may vary with dietary habits, thus modifying the individual risk of progression of colorectal tumours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of the colon tumour-suppressor homeobox gene Cdx-2 by oncogenic ras

et al. 1999

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Constitutive activation of the ras proto-oncogene is a frequent and early event in colon cancers, but the downstream nuclear targets are not fully understood. The Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 homeobox genes play crucial roles in intestinal cell proliferation and di erentiation. In addition, Cdx-2 is a colonic tumour-suppressor gene, whereas Cdx-1 has oncogenic potential. Here, we show that constitutive activation of ras alters Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 expression in human colonic Caco-2 and HT-29 cells that harbour a normal ras proto-oncogene. Oncogenic ras downregulates Cdx-2 through activation of the PKC pathway and a decline in activity of the Cdx-2 promoter AP-1 site. This decline results from a PKC-dependent decrease in the relative expression of c-Jun, an activator of Cdx-2 transcription, compared to c-Fos, an inhibitor of Cdx-2. Unlike Cdx-2, Cdx-1 is upregulated by oncogenic ras and this e ect is mediated by activation of the MEK1 pathway. These results indicate that oncogenic ras activation has opposite e ects on Cdx-1 and Cdx-2 expression through distinct signalling pathways and they provide the ®rst evidence for a functional link between ras activation and the downregulation of the Cdx-2 tumour-suppressor gene in colon cancer cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of the colon tumour-suppressor homeobox gene Cdx-2 by oncogenic ras

et al. 1999

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“…It has also been suggested that the production of butyrate from these fibres could protect against the initial stages of colon carcinogenesis [92]. Butyrate, as suggested, is able to arrest the growth of neoplastic colonocytes and inhibit the preneoplastic hyperproliferation induced by the several tumour initiators and promoters [93,94]. This type of fibre also has been suggested to be paramount to carcinogenesis by changing from propionate to butyrate, as observed in animals fed hydrolysed guar [95].…”

Section: Anti-cancer Mechanism By Rice By-products Dietary Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

By-products of Rice Processing: An Overview of Health Benefits and Applications

Esa¹,

Ling²

2016

J Rice Res

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Our study was centred on the increasing literature associated with rice by-products and main components, especially those intended to combat cancer, improve plasma lipid levels or control the blood glucose levels. Rice byproducts, such as rice straw, rice husks, rice bran, rice germ and broken rice, are extensively abundant agricultural wastes from the rice industry, and the percentage of their production depends on the milling rate and type of rice. Among all rice by-products, rice bran has been extensively studied.It contains phytochemicals such as γ-oryzanol, vitamin E, mainly tocotrienols and dietary fibre. This paper reviews the existing literature on the potential role of rice by-products, focusing not only on the role of rice bran but also on the roles of other rice by-products, such as rice germ and rice husk, in the management of the diseases, investigating their various potential uses in the food industry and all possible properties that may contribute to these effects.

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“…Butyric acid may inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation in a wide range of tumour cell lines in vitro (McBain et al, 1997;Parodi, 1999;Velazquez et al, 1996). Dietary butyric acid occurs exclusively in the lipid fraction of milk and its derivatives.…”

Section: Fatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy products and colorectal cancer. A review of possible mechanisms and epidemiological evidence

2003

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Objectives: This review provides an overview of the principal hypotheses and epidemiological evidence of the possible links between colorectal cancer and intake of milk and=or dairy products. Methods: The first section outlines the main hypotheses about the possible effect of calcium, vitamin D, fats and other milk components. The possible role of acid lactic bateria in fermented products is also discussed. The second section is a summary of the published epidemiological evidence. The results on milk, cheese and yoghurt are summarized using a meta-analytical approach. The results of studies on calcium and vitamin D are briefly described. Results: Case -control studies are heterogeneous and, on average, do not provide evidence of association between total intake of total dairy products, milk, cheese or yoghurt and colorectal cancer risk. The average result from cohort studies support the hypothesis of a protective effect of total dairy products (odds ratio (OR): 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52 -0.74; P heterogeneity test: 0.93) and for milk (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.68 -0.95; P heterogeneity: 0.77). No association was found between cheese (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.88 -1.36; P heterogeneity: 0.55) or yoghurt (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.83 -1.28; P heterogeneity: 0.69) in cohort studies. Conclusions: Cohort studies consistently found a protective effect of total dairy products and milk intake, but the evidence is not supported by case -control studies. No relationship was found with cheese or yoghurt intake. As the number of cohort studies is still limited, their results need to be confirmed by other prospective studies.

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In Vivo Crypt Surface Hyperproliferation Is Decreased by Butyrate and Increased by Deoxycholate in Normal Rat Colon: Associated In Vivo Effects on c‐Fos and c‐Jun Expression

Cited by 63 publications

References 30 publications

Downregulation of the colon tumour-suppressor homeobox gene Cdx-2 by oncogenic ras

Downregulation of the colon tumour-suppressor homeobox gene Cdx-2 by oncogenic ras

By-products of Rice Processing: An Overview of Health Benefits and Applications

Dairy products and colorectal cancer. A review of possible mechanisms and epidemiological evidence

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