In-vivo bone response to titanium screw implants anodized in sodium sulfate

Abstract

PURPOSE:To evaluate the early bone response to a nanotextured dental implant treated with sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), using a rabbit model. METHODS:Twelve animals were randomly divided into group 1 (Control) -machined implants and group 2 (Test) -nanotextured implants. Extra-oral incision was performed to provide access to intended surgical site where the dental implant was inserted immediately after the extraction of the mandibular first premolar. Implant surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy attached to energy dispersive spectroscopy and interferometry. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were induced to death and undecalcified sections of the samples were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS:Surface characterization of the implant demonstrated enhanced surface area of anodized group compared to Control group with 19.2% ± 6.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Histological evaluation demonstrated new bone formation starting from the buccal and lingual cortical walls on both groups. After three weeks, significant higher bone contact of 27% (p<0.05) was observed to nanotextured compared to machined implants (Control group). CONCLUSION:The anodization with sodium sulfate nanostructures to the implant surface that resulted in faster osseointegration.

Bioactivity of an Experimental Dental Implant with Anodized Surface

“…While the anatase phase was observed in AG, as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, using the bands observed in positions in the anatase region [23]. In addition, the anodized implants showed an increase in the thickness of TiO 2 without generating residues through the anodization process, presenting a different result from that of Pinheiro et al (2014) [21], where it was possible to observe the presence of residues in the electrolyte solution.…”

“…Thus, it is evident that the morphological characteristic of TiO 2 is a preponderant aspect in the studies, as well as what was observed in a study by Mu-Hyon Kim et al (2015) [ 1 ] in which the authors evaluated implants subjected to the anodization process and observed the presence of a rough surface on a nanometric scale. In another study, by Pinheiro et al (2014) [ 21 ], anodization was obtained in 1.0% Na 2 SO 4 solution, applying 100 V for 1 min and the authors observed a nanotextured surface. El-Wassefy et al (2014) [ 22 ], used a solution of H 2 SO 4 , 200 V for 4 min, with subsequent treatment for 1 h at 600 °C and obtained similar results.…”

“…Based on previous studies [ 21 , 22 ], in this study we used a time for the anodizing process of 4 h, which is longer and more innovative in the relevant literature, in order to form a nanoscale roughness in TiO 2 and a more chemical composition biocompatible with the interest of obtaining the anatase phase of TiO 2 without the need for heat treatment at high temperatures. For the process, in addition to the time already mentioned, other parameters were used (1.0% H 2 SO 4 solution as electrolyte, 0.2 A, 30 V and 1000 Hz) resulting in the morphological changes observed in the images obtained by SEM and AFM.…”

Tomographic imaging of fragmented cortical bone heteroimplant and methylmethacrylate in segmental bone defect of rabbit tibia

“…The composite incorporation and engraftment to the all recipient bone defect, is indicative of rejection absence and existence of osteoinductive properties, characterized by angiogenesis and fibroblast invasion involved with the bone tissue deposition, which also characterizes the osteoconduction 7 .…”

“…To prevent problems inherent to autograft, the current methods to treat fractures with large bone defects consist on biological or synthetic biomaterials, which are biocompatible and able to interact with the living system 4,5 . The bone tissue derived from the same species (aloimplats) or from different species (heteroimplants) are biological biomaterials that have been used with satisfactory results to repair bone defects 3,6,7 .…”