In Vivo Antimicrobial and Wound-Healing Activity of Resveratrol, Dihydroquercetin, and Dihydromyricetin against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans

Abstract

An increase in the spread of antibiotic-resistant opportunistic microorganisms causes serious problems in the treatment of purulent infections, burns, and trophic ulcers. We tested the antimicrobial activity in vivo of three polyphenols, Resveratrol, Dihydroquercetin (Taxifolin), and Dihydromyricetin (Ampelopsin) from Norway spruce bark to promote the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans from wounds. Purulent infection was modelled on wounds in rats infected with suspensions containing 109 CFU (colony-forming unit)/mL of pathogens. The wound area was treated daily with solutions of the polyphenols or placebo for 14 days after the beginning of the treatment. The animals were examined daily, and each stage of the wound healing (inflammation, granulation, and maturation (marginal epithelialisation) was documented. The planimetric analysis of the wound recovery percentage was performed on the 3rd, 10th, and 14th day after the start of curing. Then, one echelon (three or four animals from each subgroup) was withdrawn from the experiment on days 3 (three animals), 10 (three animals), and 14 (four animals) for microscopy analysis of cytological composition of their wound defects by microscopy and microbiological analysis of their contamination with pathogens. Our results show that they are also able to suppress mast cell infiltration and stimulate lymphocyte and macrophage (monocyte) infiltration into the wound. Resveratrol stimulated the replacement of the scar with normal tissue (with a clear boundary between the dermis and epidermis) and the restoration of hair follicles. Resveratrol turned out to be significantly better than some commercial antimicrobial (Levomecol) and antifungal (Clotrimazole) ointments and can be proposed as a promising drug for topical use for the treatment of trophic ulcers and burns.

Flavonoids with Glutathione Antioxidant Synergy: Influence of Free Radicals Inflow

“…Quercetin, rutin (a glycoside of quercetin), morin (a structural isomer of quercetin), and taxifolin (a reduced form of quercetin) were used as flavonoid components for the combinations (see Figure 1 ). These flavonoids are well-known natural antioxidants whose potential health benefits have attracted a great deal of interest in their studies as prospective drugs [ 7 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Thus, a large and growing body of literature has been devoted to the modification of their biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties, such as antioxidant activity and bioavailability, by crystal engineering [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], obtaining solid dispersions [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], and the development of new polymorphic forms [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

The impact of resveratrol on skin wound healing, scarring, and aging

“…According to Pastore et al, anti‐inflammatory and wound healing effects of resveratrol depend rather on their interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐controlled cytoplasmic and nuclear pathways than on their direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity 35 . An in vivo study in rats showed that resveratrol can limit the infiltration of mast cells toward the wounded area, while the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages is stimulated 60 . It is assumed that resveratrol is able to suppress an acute antigen‐dependent reaction (Th1‐type response) in favour of a Th2 response.…”

Alternative Anti-Infective Treatments to Traditional Antibiotherapy against Staphylococcal Veterinary Pathogens

“…Other compounds that could be an excellent solution to prevent staphylococcal infections and bacterial resistance are phenolic compounds such as resveratrol or dihydroquercetin [ 27 , 28 , 29 ] ( Table 2 ). In particular, resveratrol is an efflux pump inhibitor that increases the efficacy of other antimicrobials [ 27 ]. However, resveratrol is an antioxidant compound [ 58 ], and therefore, its use in combination with oxidative stress-generating antimicrobials could decrease the efficacy of the anti-staphylococcal therapy [ 59 ].…”

“…Feed supplements could also be based on inorganic molecules with antimicrobial activity, such as zeolites (e.g., clinoptilolite) with antimicrobial activity against S. aureus [26]. Other compounds that could be an excellent solution to prevent staphylococcal infections and bacterial resistance are phenolic compounds such as resveratrol or dihydroquercetin [27][28][29] (Table 2). In particular, resveratrol is an efflux pump inhibitor that increases the efficacy of other antimicrobials [27].…”