In vivo analysis of covering materials composed of biodegradable polymers enriched with flax fibers

Abstract

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of bioactive composites with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) as the matrix, reinforced with bioplastic flax fibers, on the surrounding muscle tissue.MethodsMaterials of pure PLA and PCL and their composites with flax fibers from genetically modified plants producing poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PLA-transgen, PCL-transgen) and unmodified plants (PLA-wt, PCL-wt) were placed subcutaneous on the M. latissimus dorsi for four weeks.ResultsThe analysis of histological samples revealed that every tested material was differently encapsulated and the capsule thickness is much more pronounced when using the PCL composites in comparison with the PLA composites. The encapsulation by connective tissue was significantly reduced around PCL-transgen and significantly increased in the cases of PLA-transgen and PLA-wt. In the collected muscle samples, the measured protein expression of CD45, lymphocyte common antigen, was significantly increased after the use of all tested materials, with the exception of pure PCL. In contrast, the protein expression of caveolin-1 remained unchanged after treatment with the most examined materials. Only after insertion of PLA-wt, a significant increase of caveolin-1 protein expression was detected, due to the improved neovascularization.ConclusionThese data support the presumption that the new bioactive composites are biocompatible and they could be applicable in the medical field to support the regenerative processes.

PGlu-Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose Improves Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility, and Mineralization of Polyester-Based Composites

“…Fibrous capsule formation reflects the final step of healing of a wound generated by implantation, and the capsule thickness indicates the biocompatibility of the material in the body. It is postulated that a material with better biocompatibility produces a thinner capsule [39,40]. In our case, microscopic observation revealed that thin capsules with thicknesses varying from 27 to 46 μm had formed around all the implanted specimens for both PLA and PCL-based materials (Figure 9a).…”

Cranioplasty Using Three-Dimensional–Printed Polycaprolactone Implant and Free Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap in a Patient with Repeated Wound Problem following Titanium Cranioplasty

“…This is supported by a previous study including an in vivo analysis of PCL matrix placed subcutaneously above the LD muscle in a rat model, showing favorable biocompatibility at the histological level. 12 Third, PCL is expected to be osteoinductive through further utilization of biological additives such as BMP2 or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. 13 In-vivo experiments showed that BMP2-adsorbed PCL scaffold showed larger regenerated bone volume regeneration, 14 and there is a case report of successful calvarial reconstruction with stem cell-impregnated PCL Osteomesh in combination with a local flap.…”

“…This is supported by a previous study including an in vivo analysis of PCL matrix placed subcutaneously above the LD muscle in a rat model, showing favorable biocompatibility at the histological level. 12 …”

A review on polylactic acid‐based blends/composites and the role of compatibilizers in biomedical engineering applications

“…Ceramics are known for their excellent biocompatibility, high corrosion resistance and better compression strength. [283][284][285][286] Ceramic structures resemble natural bone, making them a favorable choice as biomaterials. Today, bioresorbable ceramics, such as calcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, tetra-calcium phosphate, alumina and ferric oxide, are already being studied.…”