In vitrodegradation ofAeromonas salmonicidaandLimulus polyphemushemocyanin by Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL. macrophages

The stimulatory effect of a muscle protein hydrolysate from Atlantic cod,Gadus morhuaL., on Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL., head kidney leucocytes

“…However, further culturing of the in vivo stimulated cells resulted in a reduced capacity to produce increased levels of the superoxide anion and acid phosphatase activity. One explanation of this observation may arise from the fact that head kidney cells very e#ectively degrade protein antigens both in vivo and in vitro (Dannevig & Berg, 1985;Dannevig et al, 1994;Stensvåg et al, 1995). The deactivation phenomenon was also observed in rainbow trout after in vivo stimulation by intraperitoneal injection of a -1,3-D-glucan and assayed for superoxide anion production 24 h post-harvest (Jørgensen et al, 1993b) as well as in mammalian macrophages (Murray et al, 1979).…”

Microsilica as antigen carrier and adjuvant in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)

“…Lance, 1978;Waksman, 1979;Allison & Byars, 1986;Anderson, 1992). Gallily & Garvey (1968) and Stensvåg et al (1995) showed that particulate antigens were more easily ingested and processed in macrophages compared to soluble antigens. Moreover, Gery et al (1981) and Gery & Lepe-Zuniga (1984) showed that silica can stimulate mouse macrophages to secrete interleukin 1 (IL-1) and, in combination with LPS, both an increased production and secretion was observed.…”

“…Atlantic salmon macrophages were isolated from the head kidney and cultured as described (Stensvåg et al, 1995). Briefly, head kidneys were removed and gently squeezed through a stainless steel mesh in cold Leibovitz L-15 medium (Flow Laboratories) supplemented with 15 mM ca#eine as anticoagulant.…”

Localization of purified surface molecules (lipopolysaccharide and A‐protein) from Aeromonas salmonicida in the kidney and spleen from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

“…Most of the radioactivity was recovered from the kidney (both pro‐ and mesonephros), whereas only small amounts were found in spleen and liver, and nothing in the intestine. The in vitro uptake and intracellular processing of A. salmonicida antigens in salmon has also been studied ( Stensvåg, Bøgwald, Steiro & Jørgensen 1995). According to the above work, the cultured head kidney macrophages from salmon processed surface protein antigens of A. salmonicida into peptides which were released into the medium.…”