In Vitro Tests in Pharmacotoxicology: Can We Fill the Gap between Scientific Advances and Industrial Needs?

Shrivastava, Ravi

doi:10.1177/026119299702500315

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In order to determine the biophysical effect of EMR (electromagnetic radiation) of the MMR (micrometer range), scientists carried out a large number of experimental works, where various biological structures were used as objects of research: cultures of microorganisms, plant cells, nerve cells of mollusks, uniform blood cells, etc. [27]. Yet, among the experimental data obtained, there was no consensus on the physical mechanisms of interaction of millimeter waves with biological objects, since the key link of the interaction is unknown.…”

Section: Research Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the effects of ultra-low intensity electromagnetic fields on biological objects

Voloshyn

Kulish

Oliinyk

et al. 2021

TAPR

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The object of research is the efficiency of exposure to electromagnetic field (EMF) of ultra-low intensity on biological objects, which is formed by a generator of broadband radiation. The principle of action of the generator is based on formation of electromagnetic radiation induced by periodic pulsed gas discharge in coaxial system of electrodes, which is loaded on a dielectric rod antenna. The method of selection of signals and corresponding equipment, which energy characteristics of radiation correspond to the criterion of non-thermal influence on bioobjects, is developed for obtaining a comparative assessment of influence bioefficiency. The proposed new method for processing experimental data using statistical calculations that meet the requirements for the processing and interpretation of the results. The seeds of wheat and interaction of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations with bone marrow cells of rats were used as biological objects for investigating the effect of millimeter range electromagnetic oscillations. A biosensory effect was obtained when exposed to broadband radiation of ultra-low intensity, compared to the control sample. A change in the properties of the seeds, in particular, heat resistance, is observed. According to the experimental data, seeds turn out to be less susceptible to heat as a result of their pretreatment with EMF. The biological response is observed to depend on the frequency and time of irradiation. Also, the dependence of the decrease in the number of dead cells on the time of EMF irradiation was experimentally proved. The equation of dependence of selective average proportion of dead cells in rat bone marrow on irradiation time was calculated. Biosensory effect of exposure to broadband ultra-low intensity EMF of the developed emitter was revealed. It was established and statistically proved that the minimum time with the maximum positive effect of exposure to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter range on bone marrow cells of rats is 30 minutes, compared with an unirradiated sample. The results make it possible to evaluate the positive effect of electromagnetic oscillations on biological objects and propose the results of studies for practical use in the development of medical systems.

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Section: Research Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the effects of ultra-low intensity electromagnetic fields on biological objects

Voloshyn

Kulish

Oliinyk

et al. 2021

TAPR

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“…Due to the difficulties in conducting homogeneous experiments in vivo on human or animal NM, we used Episkin ® , a modified in vitro reconstituted human epidermis model, 19 to assess all the cellular parameters of cytotoxicity, osmosis, and filmogenicity for conceiving and extrapolating eventual in vivo cellular effect of ingredients, used as described by Shrivastava et al 20 , 21 In short, fresh epidermis cultures were purchased from EPISKIN-SNC (Lyon, France). Each epidermal unit consisted of an organotypic culture made of adult human keratinocytes, obtained from scrapings of normal human skin, kept in an isotonic modified MCDB-153 cell culture medium (Sigma-Aldrich, France), dissociated enzymatically and seeded onto a collagen (type I) matrix-coated polycarbonate filter capable of absorbing culture medium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Osmotic Polymeric Film to Treat Covid-19 Early-Stage Infection

Shrivastava¹,

Shrivastava²,

Johansen³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Background: Covid-19 infection starts in the nasal cavity when viral S1 and RBD proteins bind to the host cell ACE2 receptors, the virus multiplies, causes cell lysis, and enters the circulation. This triggers a strong cytokine release and inflammation of the nasal mucosa. A multitarget approach of cleaning the nasal mucosa and suppressing chances of nasal and systemic inflammation should minimize severe respiratory consequences. Unfortunately, no such treatments are yet available. Methods: We describe the conception of an osmotic polymeric film using an in vitro nasal mucosa mimicking model, containing polymers to neutralize Covid-19 specific viral S1, RBD proteins and selected proinflammatory cytokines. Results: The filmogen barrier forms a stable and osmotic film on the nasal mucosa. Hypotonic liquid exudation from the nasal surface detaches and drains the inflammatory cytokines and other contaminants towards the film where selected polymers bind and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and RBD protein as well as Covid-19 disease-specific key pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-13, and GM-CSF cytokines. Conclusion:Minimizing the nasal surface concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and viruses should help nasal mucosa repair and avoid immune stress. This nearly instant, simple, scientific, safe, and logical approach should help attenuate Covid-19 induced systemic inflammation at an early stage without being affected by viral S1 spike protein mutations.

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“…After screening different natural and synthetic osmotic, non-cytotoxic, absorbent, and stable liquids, glycerol was selected as the most convenient filmogen base. Osmotic and mucosal irritant potentials were determined in in vitro cell culture models [12,13] and bovine corneal opacity test (BCOP), as described by Schrage et al [14]. The glycerol film was rendered thick and absorbent by adding small quantities of a few commonly used food-grade thickenings agents.…”

Section: Selection Of An Osmotic Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Instant Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Osmotic Polymeric Film to Treat Sore Throat in Children

Shrivastava¹

2021

JCRR

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Background: Pharyngitis, a common viral throat infection in children, involving inflammation, widespread local bacterial contamination and tissue destruction. When clinical signs appear, the disease already became multifactorial. In the absence of any multitarget treatment, we conceived a new generation of topical, osmotic, anti-inflammatory, throat surface cleaning polymeric film, capable of detaching and draining throat surface contaminants nearly instantly. Material and methods: A glycerol and polymer containing osmotic film was prepared. Osmotic film attracts hypotonic liquid from the throat tissue, which detach and drain throat surface contaminants and create a favorable environment for cell growth and healing. Specific pro-inflammatory cytokine and virus glycoprotein binding polymers were incorporated in the film to suppress the inflammation. An observational, randomized, placebo-controlled study was performed after the approval of ethical committee on 30 children aged between (3-15), presenting symptoms of acute pharyngitis. After randomization, test product (n=20) and saline control (n=10) solutions were applied as 3-4 throat sprays 4-5 times / day for 15-days. Change in all the key pharyngitis symptom (difficulty swallowing, throat inflammation, irritation, redness, and bacterial deposit) were evaluated employing two-tailed Student’s test for followed by the post hoc Bonferroni’s test for comparisons of multiple groups Results: Only a few specific polymers were able to bind with viral proteins and/or cytokines in adequate filmogen concentrations. Throat surface cleaning and cytokine neutralization strongly decrease all the pharyngitis symptoms and need for antibiotic therapy compared to controls (p<0.05 from day 3 onwards). No adverse effects were noted in any of the groups. Conclusion: Clinical results showed excellent efficacy and safety of osmotically active polymeric film. Polymeric drugs may represent an excellent multitarget treatment approach to minimize the use of antibiotics and chemical drugs in the future.

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In Vitro Tests in Pharmacotoxicology: Can We Fill the Gap between Scientific Advances and Industrial Needs?

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Study of the effects of ultra-low intensity electromagnetic fields on biological objects

Study of the effects of ultra-low intensity electromagnetic fields on biological objects

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Osmotic Polymeric Film to Treat Covid-19 Early-Stage Infection

Instant Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Osmotic Polymeric Film to Treat Sore Throat in Children

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