In Vitro Susceptibility of Multidrug Resistant Skin and Wound Pathogens Against Low Temperature Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) and Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBD)

Abstract

Plasma medicine has become an emerging field in medical sciences since cold plasma has demonstrated important antimicrobial properties. As microbial plasma susceptibility data yet are not available, the susceptibility of 194 wound isolates exhibiting multiple antibiotic resistance was tested in vitro to CP and correlated with inhibition zones. Inhibition zones increased in parallel with the number of antibiotic classes to which the tested strain exhibit resistance. CP exhibited strong antimicrobial efficacy against most important clinical skin and wound pathogens in vitro irrespective of multidrug resistance.

Introduction to DIN-specification 91315 based on the characterization of the plasma jet kINPen® MED

“…Our results correspond to this inactivation behaviour, since the tested gram-positive strains (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) showed smaller inhibition zones than the gram-negative strains (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Daeschlein et al (2013) could also show that treatment of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with different CAP sources leads to divergent results. Therefore, the susceptibility of microorganisms against plasma treatment differ from species to species with better susceptibility of gram-positive species [45].…”

“…Daeschlein et al (2013) could also show that treatment of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with different CAP sources leads to divergent results. Therefore, the susceptibility of microorganisms against plasma treatment differ from species to species with better susceptibility of gram-positive species [45]. This underlines the necessity of a global microbial proof for an in-vitro characterization of medical plasma sources.…”

“…At the same time, the pH shifts from 7.0 ± 0.006 (initial value) to 6.0 ± 0.02. Microbial inhibition zone assays It is already known that plasma treatment results in an inactivation of various kinds of microorganisms [8,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. These data are estimated using different plasma sources as well as different microbiological test approaches.…”

Non-thermal plasma mills bacteria: Scanning electron microscopy observations

“…Aside from this, DBD devices utilize a high voltage (a few kV) applied to their electrodes. 11,20,21 Such devices demonstrate a high efficacy in the deactivation of microorganisms. 14 However, regarding biomedical applications of DBD plasma generators, one should keep in mind that high voltage applied directly to a cell culture produces both an electric field and current, which can affect cell functionality, e.g., through cell membrane electroporation.…”

“…In this regard, non-thermal plasma represents an important and effective alternative approach in overcoming resistant microorganisms. 11,12 The use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma devices in clinical practice requires operating regimes that can be easily controlled and adjusted during treatments. Moreover, some side effects of the developed plasma devices, in particular, on the respiratory organs or the overheating of healthy tissues, can be expected.…”