In vitro Susceptibility of Avian Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida to Danofloxacin and Five Other Antimicrobials

Abstract

The in vitro susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida isolated from poultry was determined to danofloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone, and five other commonly used antimicrobials. A total of 1737 E. coli field isolates and 107 P. multocida isolates were tested by veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Europe, Japan, South Africa, and North America during the period 1989-91. The antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was determined using the Sensititre broth microdilution technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of danofloxacin, furaltadone, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, spectinomycin, and trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole that prevented growth of 90% of the bacteria were 0.25 > 64, > 64, > 64, > 128, and > 16 micrograms/ml, respectively, against E. coli isolates and 0.25, 64, 64, 16, 128, and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively, against P. multocida isolates. Danofloxacin demonstrated considerable in vitro potency against these important poultry pathogens, many of which showed extensive resistance to the other antimicrobials tested.

Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Danofloxacin in Turkeys

“…Significant differences between MIC determined in broth and in biological fluids have been reported previously (Aliabadi et al, 2003a,b), showing that the antimicrobial activity of most fluoroquinolones in the presence of serum is decreased 2-fold, with the exception of trovafloxacin, for which the decrease was 4-fold (Wise, 2003). The MIC value in broth found in our study was comparable with the reported MIC 90 value for danofloxacin against E. coli and ranged from ≤0.015 μg/mL to 0.25-64 μg/ml (Raemdonck et al, 1992;Knoll et al, 1999).…”

“…As a fluoroquinolone, it acts predominantly by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase II, hence suppressing DNA and RNA replication. Fluoroquinolones result in concentration-dependent killing of many Gram-negative microorganisms (Wolfson and Hooper, 1985;Raemdonck et al, 1992;Knoll et al, 1999;Aliabadi and Lees, 2001;Sarasola et al, 2002).…”

Resistência antimicrobiana e perfil plasmidial de Escherichia coli isolada de frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco

“…Os dados gerados a partir do perϐil de resistência a antimicrobianos podem ser uma valiosa referência para o tratamento de doenças bacterianas em aves de produção (Huang et al 2009). De acordo com Raemdonck et al (1992), isolados de E. coli de aves de produção na CIM apresentaram-se sensível para danoϐloxacina e trimetoprimsulfametoxazol, e resistentes para lincomicina e oxitetraciclina. Neste estudo, os resultados observados por meio da CIM apresentaram resistên-cia para a enroϐloxacina e lincomicina (100%) e 74,2% a 94,2% de resistência aos demais antimicrobianos.…”

Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in exotic and domestic avian species

“…Gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic bacteria are poten‐tial microbial pathogens of birds (Gerlach, 1994). Several studies have been published regarding the use of aminoglycosides (Gronwall et al ., 1989; Flammer et al ., 1990c; Ramsay & Vulliet, 1993; Itoh et al ., 1996; Kollias et al ., 1996), penicillins (Ensley & Janssen, 1981; Kaukas et al ., 1987; Jacobs‐Reitsma et al ., 1994), chloramphenicol (Clark et al ., 1982), fluoroquinolones (Flammer et al ., 1990a, 1991; Raemdonck et al ., 1992; Ortiz et al ., 1995), and tetracyclines (Williams, 1985; Flammer et al ., 1989, 1990b; Prus et al ., 1992; Moreno et al ., 1996) to treat bacterial infections in psittacine and domestic avian species; however, there is a paucity in the literature regarding the use of cephalosporins. Ceftiofur, a third generation, semi synthetic cephalosporin has excellent bactericidal efficacy against a variety of gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic pathogens, including many species of Pasteurella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli (Brown et al ., 1991b).…”