In vitro response of human fibroblasts to commercially pure titanium

Abstract

The generation of metal particles through surface wear of prosthetic joints has been associated with biological reactions that may lead to prosthetic component loosening. The role of the macrophage in these reactions has been studied extensively, but that of the fibroblast has not. The few fibroblast studies that there have been have shown that particles of several metals, with sizes over a wide range, can promote cytokine release and may cause cell necrosis. The intent of this study was to determine if there are metal particle exposure threshold levels that result in morphological changes and cell necrosis of fibroblasts in peri-articular tissues. Retrieved human fibroblasts (superior medial plica) were cultured in standard fashion and then were exposed to various particle dosages of commercially pure Titanium (cpTi). Cell morphological changes and necrosis were observed to occur when the total mass of the particle dosage exceeded a threshold level. These data imply that these cell responses occur at threshold levels of wear particle exposure.

Differences in the surface composition of seemingly similar F75 cobalt–chromium micron-sized particulates can affect synovial fibroblast viability

“…Many cell culture studies that have examined the cellular response to prosthetic metal particulate powders in the past have explained their results in terms of particle size, particle geometry, particle number-to-cell number ratio, particle surface area, particle surface-to-cell surface area ratio, particle mass dosage, direct toxicity through cellular phagocytosis, and ion exposure [10,14,20,21]. Here we focus attention on the metallic surface composition to demonstrate another possible explanation.…”

“…The cells were harvested from tissue of the knee joint of four consented human volunteer donors undergoing a total knee replacement. The harvested tissues were processed in a manner previously described by Mostardi et al [11,14], passaging each donor cell line once prior to being transferred to multiple 25 cm 2 culture flasks. The fibroblasts in each culture flask were then allowed to grow to confluency (a single-cell layer that occupies a given area; ≈3 × 10 6 cells per flask) before experimental powder exposure.…”

Particulate Joint Replacement Materials Induce Apoptosis of Rabbit Synoviocytes Cell Line HIG-82 through c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Pathway

“…Synoviocyte is one of the cells which release inflammatory cytokines [4][5]. Nonmetallic materials such as the ceramic biomaterial, Bioglass, have been used as stimuli to human synoviocytes; and it has been found out that Bioglass caused low toxicity to cells while TNF-α production was enhanced [6]. Moreover, the activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), also called stress activated protein kinase (SAPK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), has also been suggested to promote apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines.…”

Preferential degradation of osteoclasts by titanium tetrachloride

“…1 At the cellular level, the low toxicity of titanium metals have been confirmed using fibroblastic cells. 2 In the case of osteoblasts, titanium alloys have been reported to promote rather than inhibit differentiation of osteoblastic cells. 3 In general, bone metabolism depends not only on osteoblastic bone formation, but also on osteoclastic bone resorption.…”