In vitro remineralization effects of grape seed extract on artificial root caries

Abstract

Grape seed extract (GSE) contains Proanthocyanidin (PA), which has been reported to strengthen collagen-based tissues by increasing collagen cross-links. We used an in vitro pH-cycling model to evaluate the effect of GSE on the remineralization of artificial root caries. Sound human teeth fragments obtained from the cervical portion of the root were stored in a demineralization solution for 96 hr at 37°C to induce artificial root caries lesions. The fragments were then divided into three treatment groups including: 6.5% GSE, 1,000 ppm fluoride (NaF), and a control (no treatment). The demineralized samples were pH-cycled through treatment solutions, acidic buffer and neutral buffer for 8 days at 6 cycles per day. The samples were subsequently evaluated using a microhardness tester; polarized light microscopy (PLM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's tests (p<0.05). GSE and fluoride significantly increased the microhardness of the lesions (p<0.05) when compared to a control group. PLM data revealed a significantly thicker mineral precipitation band on the surface layer of the GSE treated lesions when compared to the other groups (p>0.05), which was confirmed by CLSM. We concluded that grape seed extract positively affects the demineralization and/or remineralization processes of artificial root caries lesions, most likely through a different mechanism than that of Fluoride. Grape seed extract may be a promising natural agent for non-invasive root caries therapy.

Evaluation of dentin bonding performance and acid-base resistance of the interface of two-step self-etching adhesive systems

“…The in vitro secondary caries tests and evaluation methods have been developed that assess demineralized lesions and inhibition zones of dentin due to acid challenge. These methods include polarized light microscopy 7,8,9) , a microhardness test 8,10,11) , microradiography 5,12) , confocal laser-scanning microscopy and the x-ray analytical microscope 13,14) . However, the magnification of such methods is limited if more detailed information at the interface between the cavity and restoration is required.…”

Grape Seed Extract as a Potential Remineralizing Agent: A Comparative in vitro Study

“…22 The results of the present study corroborate and add to the results obtained in a previous study. 6 Based on the results obtained in this in vitro study, GSE inhibits demineralization and promotes remineralization of artificial root carious lesions better than fluoride and CaGP. The probable reasons for lesser activity of fluoride and CaGP compared to GSE include: 1.…”

“…PA from GSE has been demonstrated to increase collagen synthesis and accelerate the conversion of soluble collagen to insoluble collagen during development. 6 PA treated collagen matrices are nontoxic and inhibit enzymatic activity of glucosyltransferase, S.mutans to establish on tooth surface and is of central importance in plaque formation and development of caries. The adherent glucan also contributes to the formation of dental plaque, in which accumulation of acids leads to localized decalcification of enamel surface by facilitating bacterial adherence to tooth surfaces, inter bacterial adhesion and accumulation of biofilms.…”

“…5 Polyphenols are plant-derived substances which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. [6][7][8] Polyphenols are able to interact with microbial membrane proteins, enzymes and lipids thereby altering cell permeability and permitting the loss of proteins, ions and macromolecules. One such polyphenol is proanthocyanidin (PA) which is a bioflavanoid-containing benzene-pyran-phenolic acid molecular nucleus.…”

“…The PA accelerates the conversion of soluble collagen to insoluble collagen during development and increases collagen synthesis. 6 The present study, aimed to analyze the remineralization potential of grape seed extract (GSE) which contains PA on root carious lesions using an in vitro pH cycling model.…”