In vitro pro-inflammatory enzyme inhibition and anti-oxidant potential of selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants

Abstract

BackgroundThe extracts of the ten selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants have been traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory mediated diseases. The extracts were investigated for anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential in vitro to identify bio-active extracts for further chemical characterization.MethodsIn vitro anti-inflammatory activities of total ethanol extracts were investigated measuring the inhibitory activities of four pro-inflammatory enzymes, arachidonate-5- lipoxygenase (A5-LOX), hyaluronidase (HYL), xanthine oxidase (XO) and inducible nitric oxide (iNO) synthase. Cytotoxicity of extracts were determined by MTT assay. Oxidative burst inhibition (OBI) on human whole blood (WB) and isolated polymorphoneutrophils (PMNs) was carried out for a selected bio-active extract. Anti- oxidant activities of the extracts were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ferrous ion chelation (FIC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Total polyphenol and total Flavonoid contents of the extracts were also determined. The most active plant extract was analysed using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).ResultsThe ethanol bark extract of Flacourtia indica showed the highest A5-LOX (IC50: 22.75 ± 1.94 g/mL), XO (70.46 ± 0.18%; 250 μg/mL) and iNOs inhibitory activities on LPS- activated raw 264.7 macrophage cells (38.07 ± 0.93%; 500 μg/mL) with promising OBI both on WB (IC50: 47.64 2.32 μg/mL) and PMNs (IC50: 5.02 0.38 μg/mL). The highest HYL inhibitory activity was showed by the leaf extracts of Barathranthus nodiflorus (42.31 ± 2.00%; 500 μg/mL) and Diospyros ebenum (41.60 ± 1.18%; 500 μg/mL). The bark and leaf extracts of Callophyllum innophyllum (IC50: 6.99 ± 0.02 μg/mL) and Symplocus cochinchinesis (IC50: 9.85 ± 0.28 μg/mL) showed promising DPPH free radical scavenging activities. The GC-MS analysis of ethanol bark extract of F. indica showed the presence of two major bio-active compounds linoleic acid ethyl ester and hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (> 2% peak area). The HPLC analysis showed the presence polyphenolic compounds.ConclusionThe ethanol bark extract of F. indica can be identified as a potential candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory agents, which deserves further investigations. The bio-active plant extracts may be effectively used in the applications of cosmetic and health care industry.

Safety Profile, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and In Vivo Antiulcerogenic Potential of Root Barks from Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae)

“…The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity compared to the other fractionated extracts. The results are better than those obtained by Perera et al [ 37 ]. The anti-inflammatory activity of the experimental fraction extract could be explained by the presence of some specific biologically active compounds.…”

Therapeutic properties of aqueous extracts of leaves and stems bark of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. (Fabaceae) used in the management of dental caries

“…Indeed, the lipoxygenase inhibition would be done by synergizing the actions of phytochemical groups, such as polyphenols that compose the extracts. Polyphenols are known for their inhibitory properties of pro-inflammatory enzymes 27,28 . Lipoxygenase (L.O.X.)…”

Volatile constituents, in vitro and in silico anti-hyaluronidase activity of the essential oil from Gardenia carinata Wall. ex Roxb. flowers

“…Fluorescence was detected using a VICTOR Nivo multimode microplate reader (PerkinElmer Inc.) at 545 nm excitation and 6 nm emission. Asc6Plm, the known hyaluronidase inhibitor [8] at a concentration range of 50 to 500 μg/mL was prepared and used as the positive control. The tested sample was analyzed in triplicate.…”

“…Thus, inhibition of HAYL is therefore obliged in the prevention of aging. Hyaluronidase inhibitor not only plays a role in maintaining the youthful appearance of the skin but also wound healing and tissue regenerating [6] antiallergic [7], anti-inflammatory [8], prevent spreading of HIV and other illnesses that are sexually transmitted [9], and even antitumor agent [10]. Nowadays, plants are known to contain numerous bioactive compounds that could potentially hyaluronidase inhibition activity [11].…”