Aims:To investigate the ethnomedicinal uses of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub and to screen the antimicrobial property as well as determine the phytochemical constituents of leaves, stems and root bark. Study Design: Ethnobotanical surveys, antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of extracts of P. africana. Alimata et al.; EJMP, 31(3): 39-47, 2020; Article no.EJMP.54318 40 Place and Duration of Study: The ethnobotanical survey was conducted during June 2015 in Zounweogo Province. The experiments were conducted at Methodology: The semi-structured questionnaires were administrated to 36 traditional healers and elucidated out on the ethnomedicinal uses of P. africana in treating bacterial infections, the plant parts used and the mode of administration. The antimicrobial activity of different polar extracts of the leaves, the stem and root were evaluated by using the agar diffusion method and the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts via microdilution method. The phytochemical constituents of all extracts were also screened air Ciulei method. Results: The traditional healers consisted of 64% women and 36% men were surveyed. P. africana is used to treat tooth decay, childhood diarrhoea and chronic wounds. Leaves and the stem bark are the most commonly used plant part in treating bacterial infections while the roots are primarily used for other therapeutic purposes. The main method of administration was decoction. Methanol extracts of the leaves showed better antibacterial activity on all bacterial strains than aqueous extracts: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 390 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 13.00 ±1.00 mm), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC = 390 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 12.33 ± 1.53 mm), Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 (MIC = 3120 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 13±1,00 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC = 12500 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 12.33±0.58 mm). Alkaloid salts, tannins, sterols and triterpenes, saponosides, flavonic glycosides and leucoanthocyans were found in extracts of the leaves, as well as in the barks of the stem and root. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that P. africana is a potent source of antimicrobial compounds and could justify its traditional use of in the folklore medicine of Zounweogo Province. Original Research Article
Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. (Fabaceae) is used in the herbal medicine of Burkina Faso to treat dental caries. This study aims to contribute to the valorization of the said plant by investigating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of aqueous leaves and stems extracts. The inhibitory activity on lipoxygenase was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts. The antioxidant activity of bots extracts of the plant was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS+ radical cation decolorization. The anti-biofilm effect of the extracts was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOI and the anti-Quorum sensing effect on Chromobacterium CV026. Aqueous extracts of Prosopis africana stems show the highest content of phenolic compounds (30,04± 0,59 mgAGE/100 mg extract) while those of the leaves show the highest content of total flavonoids (3.29 ± 0.53 mgQE/100mg extract). The aqueous extract of stem bark show the strongest antioxidant activity ( IC50 = 4.58±0.07µg/ml for the ABTS) , a best Inhibitory action on activity of lipoxygenase (IC50 = 13.42 ± 1.26 μg/mL ), a highest anti-biofilm activity ( 63.6%; at the concentration of 100µg/ml) without affecting the bacterial growth. In addition, this extract has the strongest anti-quorum sensing activity with an percentage of inhibition 53,5%. These findings suggested that the aqueous extracts of stem bark and leaves of Prosopis africana contain promoted phytomolecules to combat dental caries infections. Keywords : Anti-biofilm, Anti-quorum sensing, Lipoxygenase, Prosopis africana
Background: Hypertension and diabetes are major public health issues in developed and low-income countries today. The prevalence of these diseases is higher in low-income countries due to high population density, weak health care systems, and a high number of undiagnosed and untreated people. Due to these factors, the majority of patients rely heavily on herbal medicines for their management. This study aimed to assess the vulnerability and ecological importance of species of interest for the two diseases in the sub-sahelian area of Burkina Faso. Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted with 70 Traditional healers from the departments of Kaya and Barsalogho using a questionary. Floristic inventories followed by measurements of diameters at breast height (dbh) were conducted on 50 plots of 50m x 20m. Results: Ethnobotanical surveys identified 36 species that are used for the management of hypertension and diabetes; 25 woody species were vulnerable (IV ≥ 2). Among these species, Cadaba farinosa, Lannea acida, Parkia biglobosa, Saba senegalensis, Sclerocarya birrea, Tamarindus indica, Ximenia americana, and Ziziphus mauritiana were highly vulnerable (IV ≥ 2.5). Consistent with the Traditional healers perception, most of these highly vulnerable species were rare (RI ≥ 80%) in the sample units. In addition, only Combretum micranthum and Cassia sieberiana had the highest importance value indices. Conclusions: These results justify that there is a real threat to heavily used species. It appears necessary for traditional healers to apply the right methods of plant use that will not compromise the availability of local plant resources.
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