In vitro oxidation of vitamin E, vitamin C, thiols and cholesterol in rat brain mitochondria incubated with free radicals

Vatassery, Govind T.; Smith, W. E.; Quach, Hung T.; Lai, James C. K.

doi:10.1016/0197-0186(94)00147-m

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, it is known that the membrane cholesterol/ phospholipid ratio increases with age, with consequent increases in membrane rigidity (50); such an accumulation may actually serve to protect neuronal tissue from oxidative damage in animals (51). And in vitro study has suggested that cholesterol acts as an antioxidant and therefore has a protective role in the pathogenesis of dementia (52).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Yin

Chei

et al. 2016

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Objectives-The association between cognitive function and cholesterol levels is poorly understood and inconsistent results exist among the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of cholesterol level with cognitive performance among Chinese elderly.Design-A cross-sectional study was implemented in 2012 and data were analyzed using generalized additive models, linear regression models and logistic regression models. Conflict of interestThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests. Ethical standardsThe authors declare that all the experiments of this study complied with the current laws of China in which they were performed. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptSetting-Community-based setting in eight longevity areas in China.Subjects-A total of 2000 elderly aged 65 years and over (mean 85.8±12.0 years) participated in this study. Measurements-Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration were determined and cognitive impairment was defined as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score≤23.Results-There was a significant positive linear association between TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C and MMSE score in linear regression models. Each 1 mmol/L increase in TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C corresponded to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment in logistic regression models. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C had a lower risk of cognitive impairment. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CI were 0.73(0.62-0.84) for TC, 0.81(0.70-0.94) for LDL-C and 0.81(0.70-0.94) for HDL-C. There was no gender difference in the protective effects of high TC and LDL-C levels on cognitive impairment. However, for high HDL-C levels the effect was only observed in women. High TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels were associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in the oldest old (aged 80 and older), but not in the younger elderly (aged 65 to 79 years).Conclusions-These findings suggest that cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance in Chinese elderly, specifically in the oldest old. With further validation, low cholesterol may serve a clinical indicator of risk for cognitive impairment in the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Yin

Chei

et al. 2016

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…In experimental studies, a hypercholesterolemic diet, which leads to higher LDL cholesterol levels, may reduce angionecrosis and provide antioxidant protection, which could prevent the development of AF. 29,30 Gender Differences Previous studies have found gender-related differences in the clinical characteristics of AF, although the reason for these differences is not clear. [31][32][33][34][35] In the present and other studies, the risk of developing AF is lower in women than in men, 31,32 while the risk of recurrent or frequent episodes of paroxysmal AF is higher in women than in men.…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Association Between Lipid Profile and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation - Niigata Preventive Medicine Study -

Watanabe

Tanabe

Yagihara

et al. 2011

Circ J

125

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Background: Dyslipidemia, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, may be associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Cross-sectional studies that have examined this association, however, have produced controversial results, and few longitudinal studies have been conducted. Methods and Results:Using annual health examinations in Japan, the association between lipid profile and the risk of new-onset AF was investigated in the general population. A total of 28,449 individuals who did not have AF at baseline were included in the study. During a follow-up of 4.5±2.7 years, 265 individuals (0.9%) developed AF. In multivariate models, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was associated with the development of AF in women (hazard ratio [HR], 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-5.50) but not in men (HR, 1.35; 95%CI: 0.77-2.38). Women had a 28% higher risk of AF with each 10% decrease in HDL cholesterol. Neither triglycerides nor lipid ratios were associated with AF. After excluding individuals with risk factors for AF, including those who were taking anti-hypertensive drugs, had diabetes, and structural heart disease, the association between low HDL cholesterol and AF remained significant in women. Conclusions Methods SubjectsThis community-based observational cohort study was based on a program of voluntary annual health examinations in the Niigata prefecture of Japan. 5 In this prefecture, annual health examinations supported by the administration are available to residents aged ≥20 years. The population of the prefecture is approximately 2,400,000, and approximately 250,000 residents (approximately 10%) receive the examinations at Niigata Health Foundation every year. The annual examination consists of a detailed medical history obtained through interviews; physical examinations; blood examinations including blood cell count and biochemical markers; urine tests; chest X-rays; and a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula (LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol -HDL cholesterol -0.2 × triglycerides). 10 The HDL cholesterol was subtracted from the total cholesterol to obtain the non-HDL cholesterol. 11 The present study cohort included individuals who did not meet the exclusion criteria, who had had at least one fasting blood test between 1996 and 1998 (which constituted the baseline examination for the present study), and who subsequently received at least one annual examination from the baseline examination to 2005. AF was diagnosed from a 12-lead ECG recorded at an annual follow-up visit. The ECG diagnoses were made by physicians, and any abnormalities were confirmed by cardiologists. Exclusion criteria included a past and/or current history of AF (or atrial flutter), the presence of AF, and having a permanent pacemaker at the initial examination. To study the effects of lipid profile on the development of AF, we excluded individuals who received anti-dyslipidemia drugs that might have affected baseline serum lipid ...

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“…Although some recent work (Patel et al, 1996;Liu et al, 1997) indicates that the reduction of MTT does not take place exclusively in active mitochondria, it represents an early indicator of cell injury (Patel et al, 1996). The oxidation of vitamin E has been reported to occur in the mitochondria, prior to the depletion of other easily oxidized antioxidants (Vatassery et al, 1995). Furthermore, an increased availability of succinate, upon exposure of cells to vitamin E succinate, could be used by the mitochondria as a substrate of complex II to produce ATP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vitamin E succinate on retinal cell survival

et al. 1998

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In this study, we analyzed the influence of vitamin E succinate (5 -80 vM), supplemented in the culture medium, on the survival of cultured retinal cells. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was decreased in the presence of low concentrations (10-20 vM) of vitamin E succinate, whereas high concentrations (80 vM) induced a significant increase (about 2-fold) in the release of LDH, indicating a reduction of plasma membrane integrity. Supplementing with vitamin E succinate (80 vM) greatly enhanced its cellular content, as compared to vitamin E acetate (80 vM), and the membrane order of the retinal cells, as evaluated by the fluorescence anisotropy (r) of TMA-DPH (1-(4-(trimethylammonium)-phenyl)-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-triene), was not altered. Furthermore, vitamin E succinate was more potent than vitamin E acetate in reducing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation upon ascorbate-Fe 2 + -induced oxidative stress (TBARS formation after cell oxidation decreased by about 15-fold or 1.6 fold, respectively, in the presence of 20 vM vitamin E succinate or 20 vM vitamin E acetate). A decrease in MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction induced by supplementing with vitamin E succinate (80 vM), to 35.99 91.96% as compared to the control, but not by vitamin E acetate (80 vM), suggests that vitamin E succinate may affect the mitochondrial activity. Vitamin E succinate also reduced significantly the ATP:ADP ratio in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that vitamin E succinate-mediated cytotoxic effects involve a decrement of mitochondrial function.

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In vitro oxidation of vitamin E, vitamin C, thiols and cholesterol in rat brain mitochondria incubated with free radicals

Cited by 54 publications

References 18 publications

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Serum cholesterol levels within the high normal range are associated with better cognitive performance among Chinese elderly

Association Between Lipid Profile and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation - Niigata Preventive Medicine Study -

Influence of vitamin E succinate on retinal cell survival

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