In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Studies ofCardamine hirsutaLinn as a Potential Antidiabetic Agent in a Rat Model

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder with no definite treatment. In silico characterization can help to explain the interaction between molecules and predict 3D structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of the hydro-methanolic extract of Cardamine hirsuta in a rat model. In vitro antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory assays were evaluated in the present study. Phyto-constituents were quantified using RP-UHPLC-MS analysis. Molecular docking of compounds into the binding site of different molecular targets, i.e., tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β), and AKT, was carried out. Acute toxicity model, in vivo antidiabetic effect, and the influence on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were also investigated. T2DM was induced in adult male rats by streptozotocin using a high-fat diet model. Three different doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) were orally gavaged for 30 days. Mulberrofuran-M and quercetin3-(6″caffeoylsophoroside) have demonstrated remarkable binding affinity toward TNF-α and GSK-3β, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and α-amylase inhibition assay exhibited IC50 values of 75.96 and 73.66 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo findings exhibited that 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose of the extract significantly decreased the blood glucose level, improved biochemical parameters as well as oxidative stress by reduction of lipid peroxidation, and increased high-density lipoproteins. Moreover, activities of glutathione-s-transferase, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase were enhanced, and cellular architecture in the histopathological examination was restored in treatment groups. The present study affirmed the antidiabetic activities of mulberrofuran-M and quercetin3-(6″caffeoylsophoroside) present in the hydro-methanolic extract of C. hirsuta, possibly due to the reduction in oxidative stress and α-amylase inhibition.

Pulsed Electric Field Combined with Deep Eutectic Solvents Enhanced the Antiglycation Activity of Noni Flavonoid Extracts by Directionally Regulating Their Glycoside and Aglycone Proportions

“…12,13 Flavonoids, which are polyphenolic compounds highly abundant in plant extracts, exert satisfactory antiglycation activity. 14 Flavonoid extracts from Chrysanthemum indicum, Teucrium polium, and Vaccinium vitisidaea were reported to inhibit the formation of products from different glycation stages, which may be related to their strong radical scavenging activity. 15 The composition of flavonoids had a substantial effect on the bioactivities of flavonoid extracts.…”

“…Plant extracts are increasingly considered safer candidates for preventing glycation compared to synthetic compounds, as they have shown fewer adverse reactions in vivo and in vitro experiments. , Flavonoids, which are polyphenolic compounds highly abundant in plant extracts, exert satisfactory antiglycation activity . Flavonoid extracts from Chrysanthemum indicum, Teucrium polium, and Vaccinium vitisidaea were reported to inhibit the formation of products from different glycation stages, which may be related to their strong radical scavenging activity .…”