In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a collaborative study of 1163 pregnancies on the incidence and risk factors of ectopic pregnancies

Abstract

In a multi-centric study undertaken on 1163 pregnancies obtained by in-vitro fertilization, a 5% risk of ectopic pregnancies was observed. This figure is certainly higher than that admitted for natural reproduction. After simultaneous adjusting for all variables in our data by means of a multiple logistic regression technique, two factors have specific influence: the therapeutic use of clomiphene citrate which increased the rate of ectopic pregnancies from 3 to 6% and the number of patent Fallopian tubes with a change in ectopic pregnancies rate from 3 or 4% (with 0 or 2 patent tubes) to 13% (with one patent tube). These results suggest various physiologic hypotheses as well as therapeutic considerations.

Future use of clomiphene in ovarian stimulation. Will clomiphene persist in the 21st century?

“…Similar to the lack of comparative data for abortion, were reports suggesting that clomiphene citrate was associated with increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy following coitus (Powell-Phillips, 1979;Chaukin, 1982;Marchbanks et al, 1986) or IVF (Cohen et al, 1986;Snyder and del Castillo, 1988). These early reports were not controlled for endometriosis or tubal disease.…”

A case of primary ovarian pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer

“…Ovarian pregnancy following IVF-ET was first demonstrated by Marcus and Brinsden (2) but is still rare despite the increased incidence of ectopic pregnancies, accounting for 2 to 11% after IVF-ET (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

Heterotopic Pregnancy After Spontaneous Conception- A Rare Entity

“…4 Reece et al defined abdominal pain, adnexal mass, peritoneal irritation and enlarged uterus as suspicious signs. In our present case, the patient remained asymptomatic and was diagnosed as having heterotopic pregnancy on ultrasonography.…”