In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination of orthodontic brackets as received from the manufacturer using microbiological and molecular tests

Gerzson, Darlene Ribeiro dos Santos; Simon, Daniel; Anjos, Aline Lima dos; Freitas, Maria Perpétua Mota

doi:10.2319/100414-711.1

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Contamination with Staphylococci mostly occurs due to skin contact during manufacturing and/or packaging of orthodontic appliances [1, 6]. Similar studies conducted in this regard reported that Staphylococci were the common organisms to contaminate the orthodontic brackets [1, 3, 14]. In our study, B. cereus and B. licheniformis were the other frequently isolated organisms from the orthodontic brackets, followed by Streptococci.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination and the disinfecting efficacy of chlorhexidine on orthodontic brackets

et al. 2019

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Background Contamination of orthodontic appliances is due to the unhygienic practices followed during manufacturing and packaging processes, which may lead to cross-contamination. Although literature has indicated the need for sterilization or disinfection of orthodontic appliances before using in the oral cavity, this is still not employed in routine clinical practice. In this view, the current study evaluates the bacterial load on orthodontic brackets along with the disinfecting efficacy of chlorhexidine. Methods A total of 140 brackets were obtained from four different manufacturers and divided into six groups: group 1 (American Orthodontics; n = 30), group 2 (3M Unitek; n = 30), group 3 (Ortho Organizers; n = 30), group 4 (China Dental Orthodontic; n = 30), group 5 (negative control; n = 10), and group 6 (positive control; n = 10). Various microbiological and biochemical tests were conducted on the brackets to detect the type and growth of bacteria. Brackets that showed microbial contamination were then subjected to disinfection using 0.01% and 2% chlorhexidine solutions. Results Microbial contamination was detected on brackets of all the four groups. Bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus , S. epidermidis , Lactobacilli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , Bacillus licheniformis , and B. cereus , were identified in these groups. Upon disinfection with 0.01% chlorhexidine solution, brackets in group 2 displayed complete decontamination, while all brackets in the other groups containing gram-negative bacteria exhibited complete decontamination with 2% chlorhexidine. Conclusion Orthodontic brackets received from four manufacturers showed high bacterial contamination. Disinfecting ability of 2% chlorhexidine proved highly effective in destroying both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, use of 2% chlorhexidine in clinical practice for the disinfection of orthodontic brackets is suggested, before placement in the oral cavity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination and the disinfecting efficacy of chlorhexidine on orthodontic brackets

et al. 2019

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“…There are indications (but no guidelines) concerning the reconditioning of "clinic-exposed" and "received from manufacturer" orthodontic materials (e.g. orthodontics bands, buttons, ligatures, brackets, archwires etc) (6,37,71,79,80). We believe that single-patient packaged orthodontic materials are the best choice as the EN standards define them as "single-use" and prevent their contamination by hand and environmental exposure.…”

Section: Instrument Reprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of Recent Infection Prevention Procedures Published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Difficulties and Problems in Orthodontic Offices

Barenghi¹,

Barenghi²,

Blasio

2017

Iran J Ortho

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Context: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recently published its "Summary of Infection Prevention Practices in Dental Settings: Basic Expectations for Safe Care", but information concerning compliance, occupational hazards, and specific recommendations for orthodontic facilities is less widely available. Evidence Acquisition: We searched electronic English articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar databases (2010-May 2016) using various combinations of the key indexing terms. Results: 95 articles were selected for comprehensive reading according to the inclusion criteria. Problems and difficulties for orthodontic offices in applying the recommendations have been divided into nine focus areas concerning the quality of supplies, the procedures necessary to adhere to the standard precautions of hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, sharps safety, orthodontic instrument reconditioning, cleaning and disinfecting clinical contact surfaces and dental unit water lines, and impression disinfection. Conclusions: On the basis of our experience in a university department of orthodontics and private orthodontic offices, we believe that innovative thinking based on better knowledge, education and training, ergonomics, and task-specific, evidence-based guidelines and resources are required to improve compliance with infection control recommendations.

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“…Mostly, the coagulase-negative staphylococci are less virulent and reside on skin and mucous membranes (Al Groosh et al, 2015; Dos Santos Gerzson et al, 2015, Santos et al, 2014). Approximately 60–70% of coagulase-negative staphylococci present on the skin are S. epidermidis (Favre et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination assessment of orthodontic bands after different pre-cleaning methods at a tertiary care hospital

Irfan

Fida

et al. 2019

J Orthod

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Introduction: Infection control in dentistry is a major concern due to risk of transmission of communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various pre-cleaning methods for the tried-in orthodontic bands. Material and methods: An in-vitro experimental study was conducted at the Central Sterilization Services Department (Dental Clinic) and the Microbiology lab at our university hospital. A total of 130 bands were included in our study which comprised 10 controls and the rest were equally divided into three groups according to the pre-cleaning methods, i.e. manual scrubbing, enzymatic solution and a combination of both. The orthodontic bands were incubated in the brain heart infusion broth at 37 °C for five days after pre-cleaning and sterilisation in a steam autoclave and were assessed for any bacterial growth. The chi-square test was applied to determine any significant association between the various pre-cleaning methods and the frequency of bands that showed growth. Effect size was calculated using the phi coefficient. Results: The enzyme method revealed 5% of the sample to exhibit bacterial growth, whereas manual scrubbing and the combination of both showed no growth. There was no statistically significant difference among the three methods ( P = 0.131). Further investigations showed the presence of Staphylococcus non-aureus bacterial species in contaminated bands from group II. Conclusions: All pre-cleaning methods were found to be equally effective in the decontamination of bands. Hence, the tried-in bands can be safely reused after pre-cleaning and sterilisation.

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In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination of orthodontic brackets as received from the manufacturer using microbiological and molecular tests

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination and the disinfecting efficacy of chlorhexidine on orthodontic brackets

In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination and the disinfecting efficacy of chlorhexidine on orthodontic brackets

Implementation of Recent Infection Prevention Procedures Published by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Difficulties and Problems in Orthodontic Offices

Contamination assessment of orthodontic bands after different pre-cleaning methods at a tertiary care hospital

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