In Vitro Evaluation of Kaempferol-Loaded Hydrogel as pH-Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to prepare and evaluate kaempferol-loaded carbopol polymer (acrylic acid) hydrogel, investigate its antioxidant activity in vitro, and compare the effects on drug release under different pH conditions. Drug release studies were conducted in three different pH media (pH 3.4, 5.4, and 7.4). The kaempferol-loaded hydrogel was prepared by using carbopol 934 as the hydrogel matrix. The morphology and viscosity of the preparation were tested to understand the fluidity of the hydrogel. The antioxidant activity of the preparation was studied by scavenging hydrogen peroxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) radicals in vitro and inhibiting the production of malondialdehyde in mouse tissues. The results showed that kaempferol and its preparations had high antioxidant activity. In vitro release studies showed that the drug release at pH 3.4, 5.4, and 7.4 was 27.32 ± 3.49%, 70.89 ± 8.91%, and 87.9 ± 10.13%, respectively. Kaempferol-loaded carbopol hydrogel displayed greater swelling and drug release at higher pH values (pH 7.4).

The Fabrication of Docetaxel-Containing Emulsion for Drug Release Kinetics and Lipid Peroxidation

“…The remaining experimental steps were the same as in Section 2.4 . Various mathematical models (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Hixson–Crowell and Koresmeyer–Peppas were used to determine the drug release kinetics and mechanism of DTX-containing emulsion, as reported prior [ 38 ].…”

Percutaneous Electroosmosis of Berberine-Loaded Ca2+ Crosslinked Gelatin/Alginate Mixed Hydrogel

“…The time and migration distance in the Gel–Alg (4:1) showed a linear relationship as shown in Figure 5 B. To determine the release mechanism of berberine hydrochloride (positively charged drug) in Gel–Alg (4:1), four models were studied, namely zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Hixson–Crowell models [ 45 ]. The correlation coefficient R 2 of each model simulation curve is shown in Table 2 .…”

Polymeric Gel Systems Cytotoxicity and Drug Release as Key Features for their Effective Application in Various Fields of Addressed Pharmaceuticals Delivery

“…Hydrogels 20–30 nm in size (“nanogels”) are capable of incorporating hydrophobic drugs into the core and delivering them to their destination, providing their prolonged release. In particular, hydrogel delivery systems for enzymes [ 6 ], proteins [ 7 ], antibiotics [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], adenoviruses [ 12 ], anticancer drugs, for example, doxorubicin [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], paclitaxel [ 16 ], 5-fluorouracil [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], kaempferol [ 20 ], vincristine [ 21 ], oxaliplatin [ 22 ], cyclophosphamide [ 23 ], carmustine and curcumin [ 24 ], drugs for the treatment of skin diseases [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], anesthetics for the treatment of acute postoperative pain [ 28 ], antimicrobial silver nanoparticles and quantum dots for wound healing [ 29 , 30 ] are known and studied currently. The rate of release of these mentioned drugs from hydrogels is affected by the degree of cross-linking and the degree of swelling of the hydrogels.…”