In vitro evaluation of five different herbal extracts as an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Abstract

Context:Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant but it has disadvantage like high cytotoxicity. So there is a need to find an alternative to 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite against microorganism Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Literature has shown that these 5 extracts namely Terminalia chebula, Myristica frangrans, Aloe barbadensis, Curcuma longa and Azadaricta indica has good properties which can be used as a potential endodontic irrigant.Aims:To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of various herbal extracts namely Curcuma longa (CL), Azadiracta indica (AI), Aloe barbadensis (AV), Myristica fragrans (MF) and Terminalia chebula (TC) as endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).Materials and Methods:Eighty-four teeth were extracted and suspended with Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. A preliminary study was first performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts. The irrigating groups were divided into five herbal groups and 2 control groups. After irrigating the teeth the remaining microbial load was determined using qPCR.Statistical Analysis Used:Statistical analysis was performed using Oneway Anova/Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc Tukey's HSD and was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Results:It was shown that Neem was highly efficient to 5.25% NaOCl in reducing Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans within the root canals when compared with other extracts.Conclusions:Neem leaf extract has a significant antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans compared to 5.25% sodium hypochlorite.

Atividade antimicrobiana e biocompatibilidade de um medicamento intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio e aloe vera

“…28 BRETAS LP et al All groups presented antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis. This finding corroborates various studies 20,22,23,29 that have shown acceptable bactericide effects among various natural extracts and Ca(OH) 2 associated with CPMC and chlorhexidine against E. faecalis.…”

Antifungal efficacy of Azadirachta indica (neem) - An in vitro study

“…A strong correlation has been observed between apical periodontitis and the presence of bacteria and fungi in canals; if they persist in the root canal system at the time of obturation, there is a higher risk of failure 1,10 . C. albicans is the second most common cause of recalcitrant infections after E. faecalis.…”

“…The authors found that NaOCl inhibited C. albicans completely and the neem extract had better efficacy than CHX. An in vitro evaluation of 5 different herbal extracts as endodontic irrigants against E. faecalis and C. albicans using quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that neem was highly efficient to 5.25% NaOCl in reducing the counts of these microorganisms within the root canals when compared with other extracts 10 . Bohora et al 11 compared the antibacterial efficacy of neem leaf extract and 2% NaOCl against E. faecalis, C. albicans and mixed culture, and found that neem leaf extract is a viable medicament against both microorganisms and even against mixed culture.…”

“…In dentistry, Neem has been investigated due to its antimicrobial potential against oral microorganisms especially those associated with gingivitis and periodontitis 10 . The use of neem as an endodontic irrigant might be advantageous because it is a biocompatible antioxidant and thus not likely to cause the severe injuries to patients that might occur due to NaOCl accidents.…”

Effect of Garcinia Imberti Bourd Against Candida Isolates in Rootcanal Infection

“…7 Many research works are being carried out to focus the treatment using herbal extracts. 8 In this series, the present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect of leaves of Garcinia imberti bourd towards the species of Candida isolated from root canal infection.…”