In-vitro Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial, Anti-biofilm and Cytotoxic Activity of Naturally Inspired Juglans regia, Tamarix aphylla L., and Acacia modesta with Medicinal Potentialities

Abstract

The usefulness of medicinal plants has evoked increasing research interests to combat antimicrobial resistance. The current work reports on the in vitro bioactive activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-biofilm and cytotoxicity evaluation of three medicinal plants. Extracts from different plant parts (leaves, stems, and root barks) were obtained using different solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, and water. The methanolic extracts of bark of Juglans regia and Tamarix aphylla L., whereas the stem of Acacia modesta (Wall.) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition, i.e., 21.8±0.76 mm was observed against H. influenza for a methanolic extract of J. regia. Similarly, the maximum inhibition zones of ethanolic extract of T. aphylla L. against A. baumannii and methanolic extract of A. modesta against S. aureus were recorded. Notably, a higher anti-biofilm potential of the methanolic extract of J. regia was recorded against six pathogenic strains. Finally, the cytotoxicity of plants extracts was evaluated by testing the hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes, that displayed the negligible percent lysis of RBCs. In conclusion, the results of this study provided information related to the possible use of some medicinal plants in the treatment of microbial related ailments.

Pharmacological Efficacy of Tamarix aphylla: A Comprehensive Review

“…T. aphylla bark extract exhibited 3.48 ± 1.08 hemolytic activity compared to the positive control. The studied T. aphylla extracts had a lower hemolytic potential, making them safe in pharmaceutical applications [ 142 ]. Many studies reported a high content of polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids [ 143 , 144 , 145 ].…”

Efficacy of Bark (Juglans regia L.) Extracts Against Periodontitis Bacteria: an In Vitro Study

“…As an adaption of bacteria that cause infection to withstand antibiotics, the possibility for antimicrobial resistance to cause a global health crisis emerges large 3,7 . This issue has led the need for the development of new medicines.…”

“…The demand is driven recently to use alternatives natural compounds instead of chemical ones such as plant extracts from medicinal and aromatic plants in addition to wild plants in defending diseases caused by different microbes fungal, bacterial, viral, nematode and insect 1,2 . The inclination towards the use of natural materials as a substitute for the artificial ones has increased dramatically due to some consequences of the latter such as undesirable side effects, complexity, the emergence of the medicine resistance trait and cost benefits, competition by manufacturers [3][4][5][6][7] . Many…”