In-vitro electrochemical and bioactivity evaluation of SS316L reinforced hydroxyapatite functionally graded materials fabricated for biomedical implants

Akmal, Muhammad; Hussain, Muhammad Asif; Ikram, Haris; Sattar, Tahir; Jameel, Sarah; Kim, Ju Young; Khalid, Fazal Ahmad; Kim, Jung Won

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.050

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The following primary metals are widely used for the load-bearing application, e.g., Ti and its alloys, Co–Cr alloys, and stainless steel (SS). However, the literature available on the FGM fabricated using stainless steel are comparatively minimal. , In one of the fascinating research, the composition of stainless steel powder (SS316L) was varied (0–40 wt %) in each layer of FGM, synthesized with stainless steel and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced micro HA composite . The primary focus of this study was to mitigate the crack formation in the FGM during pressureless sintering by controlling process parameters.…”

Section: Commonly Explored Fgms For Orthopedicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pressureless sintering has also been adopted to fabricate the SS316L-reinforced hydroxyapatite (HA) hybrid FGMs . A successful montage microscopic image of the mix-FGMs produced by pressureless sintering is shown in Figure . The incremental composition of HA from top to bottom can be clearly observed.…”

Section: Fgm Composites Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) FGMs cross-sectional view (after etching) depicting the decrement in the grain size with the increase in HA composition in different layers of FGMs. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2016 Elsevier.…”

Section: Fgm Composites Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promises of Functionally Graded Material in Bone Regeneration: Current Trends, Properties, and Challenges

Dubey

Jaiswal

Lahiri

2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are emerging materials systems, with structures and compositions gradually changing in a particular direction. Consequently, the properties of the materials gradually change in the desired direction to achieve particular nonhomogeneous service demands without abrupting the compositional and behavioral interface at the macroscale. FGMs have been found to have high potential as orthopedic implants; because the functional gradient can be adapted in such a manner that the core of FGM should be compatible with the density and strength of bone, interlayers can maintain the structural integrity and outermost layers would provide bioactivity and corrosion resistance, thus overall tailoring the stress shielding effect. This review article discusses the typical FGM systems existing in nature and the human body, focusing on bone tissue. Further, the reason behind the application of these FGMs systems in orthopedic implants is explored in detail, considering the physical and biological necessities. The substantial focus of the present critical review is devoted to two primary topics related to the usage of FGMs for orthopedic implants: (1) the synthesizing techniques currently available to produce FGMs for load-bearing orthopedic applications and (2) the properties, such as mechanical, structural, and biological behavior of the FGMs. This review article gives an insight into the potential of FGMs for orthopedic applications.

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Section: Commonly Explored Fgms For Orthopedicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fgm Composites Fabrication Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promises of Functionally Graded Material in Bone Regeneration: Current Trends, Properties, and Challenges

Dubey

Jaiswal

Lahiri

2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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“…It is concluded that, by increasing the HA content, the elastic modulus and compressive strength show the decreasing trend. Akmal et al (2016) investigate the bioactivity and electrochemical properties of various FGMs produced from stainless steel 316L (SS) reinforced with HA by the powder metallurgy technique. The HA concentration was varied between 0 and 20 wt.% with 5 wt.% increments in each layer; a montage micrograph of successive layers of the mix-FGM in the unetched condition is shown in Figure 11a, and it can be seen that HA has a homogenous distribution in various layers of mix-FGM.…”

Section: Fgm Orthopedic Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Gradient Metallic Biomaterials: Techniques, Current Scenery, and Future Prospects in the Biomedical Field

Shi

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Functional gradient materials (FGMs), as a modern group of materials, can provide multiple functions and are able to well mimic the hierarchical and gradient structure of natural systems. Because biomedical implants usually substitute the bone tissues and bone is an organic, natural FGM material, it seems quite reasonable to use the FGM concept in these applications. These FGMs have numerous advantages, including the ability to tailor the desired mechanical and biological response by producing various gradations, such as composition, porosity, and size; mitigating some limitations, such as stress-shielding effects; improving osseointegration; and enhancing electrochemical behavior and wear resistance. Although these are beneficial aspects, there is still a notable lack of comprehensive guidelines and standards. This paper aims to comprehensively review the current scenery of FGM metallic materials in the biomedical field, specifically its dental and orthopedic applications. It also introduces various processing methods, especially additive manufacturing methods that have a substantial impact on FGM production, mentioning its prospects and how FGMs can change the direction of both industry and biomedicine. Any improvement in FGM knowledge and technology can lead to big steps toward its industrialization and most notably for much better implant designs with more biocompatibility and similarity to natural tissues that enhance the quality of life for human beings.

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“…Furthermore, in-vitro electrochemical and bioactivity assessment of stainless steel-HA FGMs was conducted. 111 Three sets of FGMs were fabricated by reinforcing stainless steel with micron, nano and mixed (1:1 mass ratio) HA powders. The content of the HA in the layers of FGMs was varied from 0 to 20 wt% with the increment of 5 wt%.…”

Section: Dry Powder Compaction Pm Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art review on design and manufacture of hybrid biomedical materials: Hip and knee prostheses

Bahraminasab

Farahmand

2017

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The trend in biomaterials development has now headed for tailoring the properties and making hybrid materials to achieve the optimal performance metrics in a product. Modern manufacturing processes along with advanced computational techniques enable systematical fabrication of new biomaterials by design strategy. Functionally graded materials as a recent group of hybrid materials have found numerous applications in biomedical area, particularly for making orthopedic prostheses. This article, therefore, seeks to address the following research questions: (RQ1) What is the desired structure of orthopedic hybrid materials? (RQ2) What is the contribution of the literature in the development of hybrid materials in the field of orthopedic research? (RQ3) Which type of manufacturing approaches is prevalently used to build these materials for knee and hip implants? (RQ4) Is there any inadequacy in the methods applied?

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In-vitro electrochemical and bioactivity evaluation of SS316L reinforced hydroxyapatite functionally graded materials fabricated for biomedical implants

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Promises of Functionally Graded Material in Bone Regeneration: Current Trends, Properties, and Challenges

Promises of Functionally Graded Material in Bone Regeneration: Current Trends, Properties, and Challenges

Functional Gradient Metallic Biomaterials: Techniques, Current Scenery, and Future Prospects in the Biomedical Field

State of the art review on design and manufacture of hybrid biomedical materials: Hip and knee prostheses

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