In vitro effects of temperature on red blood cell deformability and membrane stability in human and various vertebrate species

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effects of temperature on micro-rheological variables have not been completely revealed yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate micro-rheological effects of heat treatment in human, rat, dog, and porcine blood samples. METHODS: Red blood cell (RBC) - buffer suspensions were prepared and immersed in a 37, 40, and 43°C heat-controlled water bath for 10 minutes. Deformability, as well as mechanical stability of RBCs were measured in ektacytometer. These tests were also examined in whole blood samples at various temperatures, gradually between 37 and 45°C in the ektacytometer. RESULTS: RBC deformability significantly worsened in the samples treated at 40 and 43°C degrees, more expressed in human, porcine, rat, and in smaller degree in canine samples. The way of heating (incubation vs. ektacytometer temperation) and the composition of the sample (RBC-PBS suspension or whole blood) resulted in the different magnitude of RBC deformability deterioration. Heating affected RBC membrane (mechanical) stability, showing controversial alterations. CONCLUSION: Significant changes occur in RBC deformability by increasing temperature, showing inter-species differences. The magnitude of alterations is depending on the way of heating and the composition of the sample. The results may contribute to better understanding the micro-rheological deterioration in hyperthermia or fever.

Biological Response of Erythrocytes to Laser Irradiation with a Wavelength of 445 nm (An Experimental Study)

“…The ability of erythrocytes to deform improves with an increase in the temperature of the surrounding environment. However, with prolonged exposure and an increase in tissue temperature above 40°C, the ability of red blood cells to deform significantly decreases [39]. The LLLT technique proposed by us is characterized by a comfortable warmth resulting from a distance of 4.5-5 mm between the tip of the fiberglass and the gingival surface [40].…”

Erythrocyte aggregation in sudden flow arrest is linked to hyperthermia, hypoxemia, and band 3 availability

“…In autologous plasma, RBCs aggregate faster at higher temperatures than at 37°C, regardless of oxygen (Figure 4A, solids), and this may be due to increased deformability of RBCs at increased temperatures. 50,51 At 37°C, RBCs in homologous plasma at 0% O 2 aggregate significantly faster than autologous and homologous plasma at 10% O 2. RBCs in homologous plasma at 10% O 2 at 41°C take significantly slower to aggregate than any other condition (Figure 4A).…”

Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Cancer Crystal Drugs Based on Erythrocyte Membrane Nanoplatform

“…The nanocrystalline drug is a kind of "pure drug particle" with high drug loading yields, usually in oral dosage form or injection dosage form [24]. However, many factors affect the stability of the nanocrystal system in drug delivery, such as particle surface area, formulation, external environment, and temperature [25][26][27]. Systemic medication may cause serious side effects, including capillary obstruction and embolism [28][29][30][31].…”