In vitro effects of some differentiation inductors in metaplastic epithelium of the human nasal cavity

Gulisano, Massimo; Pacini, Stefania; Ruggiero, Marco; Pacini, Alessandra; Delrio, A N; Pacini, P

doi:10.1007/s004410050627

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The nasal epithelium of patients not affected by rhinitis is of the ciliated columnar type with interspersed goblet cells, whereas that of the patients affected by chronic rhinitis shows typical cuboidal metaplasia with superficial cells equipped with short crowded microvilli (Gulisano et al 1994(Gulisano et al , 1996. Such metaplasia seems to be correlated with a dysfunction of the mucociliary unit induced by chronic inflammatory stimulation and is probably partially reversible (Gulisano et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and location of endothelin and endothelin-binding sites in human nasal mucosa under normal and metaplastic conditions

Gulisano

Barni

Fantoni

et al. 1998

Cell and Tissue Research

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The presence and site of production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was investigated in biopsies obtained from the nasal mucosa of 10 healthy human subjects and 10 patients affected by chronic rhinitis. The presence and localization of receptors for ET-1 was also investigated. Bioptic fragments were examined by scanning electron microscopy. ET-1 was present in the vessels and in the respiratory epithelium of normal subjects, whereas in patients affected by epithelial metaplasia induced by chronic rhinitis, it was absent in the metaplastic epithelium and present in the endothelium and vascular wall. Receptors for ET (A- and B-receptor subtypes) were localized in the vessels of the nasal mucosa, both in normal and in pathological subjects. In particular, A-receptors were identified in the vascular wall, whereas B-receptors were mainly distributed in the endothelium. We suggest that ET-1 is involved in the homeostasis of nasal blood flow (shunting the blood toward the deep cavernous plexus and inducing mucosal swelling) by an autocrine and/or paracrine mechanism. Normal epithelium seems to be important in this mechanism, since it is able to produce ET. However, when pathologic conditions induce squamous or cuboidal metaplasia, the epithelium is no longer able to play this role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and location of endothelin and endothelin-binding sites in human nasal mucosa under normal and metaplastic conditions

Gulisano

Barni

Fantoni

et al. 1998

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…The last step in transformation from cuboidal to squamous epithelium according to the concept of metaplastic transformation was considered dysplastic because of irreversibility of change (Gulisano et al 1996). According to our findings of disintegrating squamous epithelia, changes might be reversible but necessarily starting from the exposed basal cells of an atrophic epithelium.…”

Section: Epithelial Transformation and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 98%

Histological evaluation of age-related changes in human respiratory mucosa of the middle turbinate

Schrödter

Biermann

Halata

2003

Anatomy and Embryology

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Though the lining of the healthy human nose is subject of numerous investigations, age-related changes have attracted little attention. Furthermore, varying sampling sites complicate the evaluation of the available information. Reference is needed for evaluation of abnormal conditions, e.g. in persons with sleep apnea. Biopsy samples from the middle turbinate of 40 healthy humans aged 5 to 75 years were examined. Tissue samples were fixed immediately in glutaraldehyde and embedded in Epon for semi-thin sectioning and blind histological evaluation. In all age groups, patchy arrangement of different epithelial types were found. Ciliated epithelium decrease with age. Stratified and atrophic epithelial types show striking changes. Thin atrophic epithelium with conspicuously thickened basement membranes is only seen above the age of 40 years and is frequently found in older subjects. Stratified epithelial types initially increase with age, but decrease above 50 years. In the middle aged group (26 to 50 years) we found a remarkably high amount of squamous metaplasia, resulting in overall thicker epithelium becoming thinner in older subjects. In contrast, basement membranes are thinnest in the middle aged group. In conclusion, evaluating the histology of nasal respiratory epithelium must take pronounced age-related physiological changes into account.

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“…Sunshine all year-round and light winds and temperature inversions in the winter months contribute to create an environment in which complex photochemical reactions produce oxidant chemicals and other toxic compounds. The atmosphere in Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), is characterized by > 4 hours/day with O 3 > 0.08 ppm, average maximal peaks of 0.250 ppm, and high ozone concentrations up to 0.48 ppm (24). Both PM 10 and PM 2.5 routinely exceed their respective annual arithmetic means above the current annual US standards (PM 10 (12,14).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the upper respiratory tract, the reactive response involves an increase in the number of microvilli-bearing cells until they completely substitute the ciliated cells. Such change is likely to be the rst step in a metaplastic process, during which the epithelium becomes strati ed cuboidal, lacking ciliated cells, and later becoming squamous (8,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Biopsies of Children Exposed to Air Pollutants

et al. 2001

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Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC) atmosphere is a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, and aldehydes. Children in SWMMC are exposed chronically and sequentially to numerous toxicants, and they exhibit signi cant nasal damage. The objective of this study was to assess p53 accumulation by immunohistochemistr y in nasal biopsies of SWMMC children. We evaluated 111 biopsies from 107 children (83 exposed SWMMC children and 24 control children residents in a pollutant-compliant Caribbean island). Complete clinical histories and physical examinations, including an ear-nose-throat (ENT) exam were done. There was a signi cant statistical difference in the upper and lower respiratory symptomatolog y and ENT ndings between control and exposed children ( p < 0.001). Control children gave no respiratory symptomatolog y in the 3 months prior to the study; their biopsies exhibited normal ciliated respiratory epithelium and were p53-negative . SWMMC children complained of epistaxis, nasal obstruction, and crusting. Irregular areas of whitish-gray recessed mucosa over the inferior and middle turbinates were seen in 25% of SWMMC children, and their nasal biopsies displayed basal cell hyperplasia, decreased numbers of ciliated and goblet cells, neutrophilic epithelial in ltrates, squamous metaplasia, and mild dysplasia. Four of 21 SWMMC children with grossly abnormal mucosal changes exhibited strong transmural nuclear p53 staining in their nasal biopsies (p 0.005, odds ratio 26). In the context of lifetime exposures to toxic and potentially carcinogenic air pollutants, p53 nasal induction in children could potentially represent. a) a checkpoin t response to toxic exposures, setting up a selective condition for p53 mutation, or b) a p53 mutation has already occurred as a result of such selection. Because the biological signi cance of p53 nuclear accumulation in the nasal biopsies of these children is not clear at this point, we strongly suggest that children with macroscopic nasal mucosal abnormalities should be closely monitored by the ENT physician. Parents should be advised to decrease the children's number of outdoor exposure hours and encourage a balanced diet with an important component of fresh fruits and vegetables.

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In vitro effects of some differentiation inductors in metaplastic epithelium of the human nasal cavity

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Presence and location of endothelin and endothelin-binding sites in human nasal mucosa under normal and metaplastic conditions

Presence and location of endothelin and endothelin-binding sites in human nasal mucosa under normal and metaplastic conditions

Histological evaluation of age-related changes in human respiratory mucosa of the middle turbinate

Nasal Biopsies of Children Exposed to Air Pollutants

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