In vitro effects of particulate bone substitute materials on the resorption activity of human osteoclasts

Abstract

Much research has been done on bone cells, but only a few studies deal with biomaterial-induced effects on human osteoclasts, which may take on an important role in the successful regeneration of bone. In order to highlight such effects, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from venous blood, differentiated to osteoclasts and then cultured in, the presence of five particulate hydroxyapatite (HA)/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) biomaterials, on bovine bone slices and glass cover slips. The biomaterials, AlgOSS 50/50 (50 % HA/50 % TCP), AlgOSS 20/80 (20 % HA/80 % TCP), Algipore (98 % HA), Cerasorb (100 % TCP) and Bio-Oss (100 % HA) were chosen to assess their influence on cell morphology and numbers. Light microscopic evaluation was performed during ongoing cell culture. After 21 d of cultivation, the biomaterial-induced effects on osteoclastic resorption of the bone slices were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Osteoclast-like cells were identified by TRAP staining. All five biomaterials showed larger area fractions of resorbed bone than the control (5.6 ± 6.8 %), as measured on SEM images. The purely hydroxyapatite-based Algipore (9.8 ± 9.7 %) and Bio-Oss (7.9 ± 8.8 %) showed significantly elevated area fraction rates (p ≤ 0.05) of bone resorption. Light Microscope evaluation revealed a significant, but inhibiting effect of Cerasorb (p = 0.05). These data indicated that introducing of small biomaterial hydroxyapatite particles may have improved the performance of bone substitute materials.

Nanosized hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate composite: Physico-chemical, cytotoxicity, morphological properties and in vivo trial

“…This presence causes reprecipitation of calcium phosphate to prevent the release of large amounts of calcium and phosphate ions into the cells. According to Russmueller 23 , such a phenomenon may be linked to the physiological processes of the cell, which control the concentration and trafficking of intracellular calcium ions, which are highly managed by cells.…”

High Concentrations of Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles Decrease Activity of Osteoclasts

“…Monocytes were differentiated into osteoclasts by adding RANKL and M-CSF to the cell culture medium for seven days. Several studies suggested longer culturing times for osteoclast differentiation [36,37,38]. However, in an in vitro pilot test, we harvested osteoclasts daily over a period of 12 days ( n = 1) and found that, at day 12, a high amount of hydroxyapatite was already degraded.…”

A New Anorganic Equine Bone Substitute for Oral Surgery: Structural Characterization and Regenerative Potential

“…In addition, it should be sterilizable and readily available at a reasonable cost [ 2 ]. It has been widely described in the literature that materials that feature slow resorption kinetics, without disturbing the natural bone remodeling process occurring around them, are able to obtain positive clinical results and a long-term volume stability [ 3 , 4 ]. Morphology, particle size, and chemical composition of a bone graft material (as largely determined by its production process) significantly influence its resorption rate [ 4 ].…”

“…It has been widely described in the literature that materials that feature slow resorption kinetics, without disturbing the natural bone remodeling process occurring around them, are able to obtain positive clinical results and a long-term volume stability [ 3 , 4 ]. Morphology, particle size, and chemical composition of a bone graft material (as largely determined by its production process) significantly influence its resorption rate [ 4 ]. Therefore, a better and more comprehensive understanding of its physicochemical properties seems necessary to achieve predictable biological and clinical response.…”