In vitro effects of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca venoms on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites

Shinohara, Lina; Freitas, Stella Fellipe de; Silva, Reinaldo José da; Guimarães, Semíramis

doi:10.1007/s00436-005-0037-3

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The low toxicity of fraction V and of the PLA 2 homologue isolated from fraction VI compared with the venom indicates their low overall toxicity in mice and reinforces the concept that these fractions are good lead compounds in the search for antimalarial activity. This is in agreement with reports on the use of snake venom PLA 2 s to inhibit microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, as well as parasites including Giardia duodenalis , Trypanosoma cruzi , Leishmania spp and P. falciparum [17,30,31,50,51,52]. …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Phospholipases A2 and a Phospholipase Homologue Isolated from the Venom of the Snake Bothrops asper

Castillo

Vargas

Segura

et al. 2012

Toxins

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The antimicrobial and antiparasite activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from snakes and bees has been extensively explored. We studied the antiplasmodial effect of the whole venom of the snake Bothrops asper and of two fractions purified by ion-exchange chromatography: one containing catalytically-active phospholipases A2 (PLA2) (fraction V) and another containing a PLA2 homologue devoid of enzymatic activity (fraction VI). The antiplasmodial effect was assessed on in vitro cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. The whole venom of B. asper, as well as its fractions V and VI, were active against the parasite at 0.13 ± 0.01 µg/mL, 1.42 ± 0.56 µg/mL and 22.89 ± 1.22 µg/mL, respectively. Differences in the cytotoxic activity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells between the whole venom and fractions V and VI were observed, fraction V showing higher toxicity than total venom and fraction VI. Regarding toxicity in mice, the whole venom showed the highest lethal effect in comparison to fractions V and VI. These results suggest that B. asper PLA2 and its homologue have antiplasmodial potential.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Phospholipases A2 and a Phospholipase Homologue Isolated from the Venom of the Snake Bothrops asper

Castillo

Vargas

Segura

et al. 2012

Toxins

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“…In the present study, all honeys tested against E. histolytica have shown varying in vitro trophozoiticidal activity. These results coincide with similar studies performed by other authors on the antiprotozoal activity of natural products (Khan et al, 2000, Shinohara et al, 2006, Almeida et al, 2007, Li et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

In vitro activity of some natural honeys against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia trophozoites

Mohammed

Kabbashi

Koko

et al. 2019

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Considering the potentiality of honey in combating diseases, the present study was carried out aiming to assess the i n vitro antiprotozoal activity of several honeys ( Ziziphus spina-christi , Acacia nilotica, Acacia seyal, and Cucurbita maxima ) against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia by employing the sub-culture method. All the tested honeys inhibited the growth of trophozoites, and the level of inhibition varied according to the assayed concentrations and incubation times. Acacia seyal honey had completely stopped motility of E. histolytica trophozoites at a concentration ≤ 50 µg/ml after incubation for 72 h. Ziziphus spina-christi , Acacia seyal , and Acacia nilotica honeys had completely inhibited the growth of Giardia lamblia trophozoites at concentration ≤ 200 µg/ml after 72 h. These inhibitory activities were similar to that of Metronidazole™ which showed IC 50 = 0.27. The mammalian cytotoxicity of these honeys against normal Vero cell line which determined by applying MTT method verified the nontoxicity of the examined honeys. Also the proximate composition of the samples indicated compliance with the natural honey standards. The findings of the study indicate the need for in vivo studies and further investigations to identify active principles with antiprotozoal activities from natural honeys.

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“…In particular, they include phospholipases A2 [6], L-amino acid oxidases [7] and cathelicidins [8]. Venoms of several snake species were shown to be toxic to protozoans [9][10][11][12] and identification of proteins manifesting anti-protozoan activity in viperid venoms revealed that phospholipase A2 [22], metalloproteinase [23], L-amino acid oxidase [24] and disintegrin [14] are toxic to different protozoa. For example, BnSP-7 toxin, a catalytically inactive phospholipase A2 from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom, showed activity against promastigote Leishmania amazonensis parasite forms, inhibiting parasite proliferation by 60-70% at toxin concentrations of 50-200 µg/mL 96 h after treatment [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that phospholipases A2 [6], L-amino acid oxidases [7] and cathelicidins [8] possess antimicrobial properties. There are also some data about the influence of snake venoms on protozoa [9,10]. Recently the in vivo and in vitro antileishmanial activity of krait Bungarus caeruleus [11] and cobra Naja oxiana [12] venoms was demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening Snake Venoms for Toxicity to Tetrahymena Pyriformis Revealed Anti-Protozoan Activity of Cobra Cytotoxins

Kuleshina

Kruykova

Cheremnykh

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Snake venoms possess lethal activities against different organisms, ranging from bacteria to higher vertebrates. Several venoms were shown to be active against protozoa, however, data about the anti-protozoan activity of cobra and viper venoms are very scarce. We tested the effects of venoms from several snake species on the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. The venoms tested induced T. pyriformis immobilization, followed by death, the most pronounced effect being observed for cobra Naja sumatrana venom. The active polypeptides were isolated from this venom by a combination of gel-filtration, ion exchange and reversed-phase HPLC and analyzed by mass spectrometry. It was found that these were cytotoxins of the three-finger toxin family. The cytotoxins from several cobra species were tested and manifested toxicity for infusorians. Light microscopy revealed that, because of the cytotoxin action, the infusorians’ morphology was changed greatly, from teardrop-like to an almost spherical shape, this alteration being accompanied by a leakage of cell contents. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the fluorescently labelled cytotoxin 2 from cobra N. oxiana was localized mainly at the membrane of killed infusorians, indicating that cytotoxins may kill T. pyriformis by causing membrane rupture. This work is the first evidence of the antiprotozoal activity of cobra venom cytotoxins, as demonstrated by the example of the ciliate T. pyriformis.

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In vitro effects of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops jararaca venoms on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Phospholipases A2 and a Phospholipase Homologue Isolated from the Venom of the Snake Bothrops asper

In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Phospholipases A2 and a Phospholipase Homologue Isolated from the Venom of the Snake Bothrops asper

In vitro activity of some natural honeys against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia trophozoites

Screening Snake Venoms for Toxicity to Tetrahymena Pyriformis Revealed Anti-Protozoan Activity of Cobra Cytotoxins

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