In vitro effects of bisphenol F on antioxidant system indicators in the isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss)

Abstract

Bisphenol F (BPF) has been used frequently in the plastics industry and the production of daily consumer products as an alternative to bisphenol A (BPA). It was aimed herein to determine the cytotoxic effects of BPF on hepatocytes isolated from the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and antioxidant defence system indicators. The cultured hepatocytes were exposed to seven concentrations (0, 15.63, 31.25, 62.50, 125, 250, and 500 µM) of BPF for 24 h. According to the LDH assay, the percentage of cytotoxicity was increased dose dependently in the cells.The malondialdehyde content, which is indicative of lipid peroxidation, was increased signi cantly at BPF concentrations between 15.63 and 250 µM, whereas it remained unchanged with a concentration of 500 µM. The activities of superoxide dismutase were increased, while those of catalase were decreased with all of the BPF concentrations. Elevated levels of reduced glutathione content were determined with BPF concentrations between 15.63 and 250 µM, but decreased signi cantly with a concentration of 500 µM.Signi cant increases in the activities of the glutathione peroxidase were found in hepatocytes treated with BPF at concentrations of 31.25 to 500 µM. GST activity was only signi cantly increased with a BPF concentration of 250 µM. The results showed that the toxic mechanism of BPF was mainly based on cell membrane damage and oxidative stress, which have an in uence on antioxidant defences. Therefore, BPF was reconsidered as a safe alternative instead of BPA in the manufacturing of industrial or daily products.

Oxidative stress increases in liver of lactating rats after BPF-low-dose exposure: perinatal effects in the offspring

“…Oxidized glutathione (GSSG), produced after reduction of an organic hydroperoxide by GPx, is recycled to its reduced state by GR and NADPH. In this study, we observed a decrease in the enzymatic activity of GR and an excess of GSSG concentration, more noticeable after administration of LBPF as compared to the control and HBPF groups in lactating dams 19,25 . GST is a phase II detoxifying enzyme with a critical role in cellular protection against ROS and toxic xenobiotics; it catalyzes the conjugation of GSH in reaction to endogenous and exogenous electrophiles.…”

“…CAT activity was decreased with all BPF concentrations. Also, GSH content was reduced with the highest concentration of BPF, and MDA content was increased signi cantly at BPF concentrations between 15.63 and 250 µM 19 . In addition, BPF exposure induced NAFLD-like changes (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), with obvious lipid droplet deposition, triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid increases in mouse livers administered with BPF (50 mg/kg/day) for 30 days via subcutaneous injection 28 .…”

“…Li et al, 17,18 have reported that loss of the antioxidant system leads to oxidative damage in the liver. Exposure to BPA is known to impair the antioxidant defense system, increases lipid peroxidation and causes oxidative damage to the liver 19,20 . Recent studies by our research group showed that low dose of BPA caused liver injury in lactating dams and had a perinatal effect in female PND6 offspring by increasing oxidative stress levels, triggering an in ammatory response and apoptosis pathways in the liver, the organ responsible for detoxi cation of this endocrine disruptor 21 .…”

Bisfenol F’nin Sıçan Pankreası Üzerindeki Toksik Etkileri

“…Bu bulgulara paralel olarak, in vitro'da yapılan çalışmalar, BPF'ye maruz bırakılan hücrelerde GSH seviyesinin anlamlı olarak azaldığını bildirmişlerdir (Maćczak ve ark. 2017;Aykut & Kaptaner, 2021). GSH seviyesindeki azalma, BPA'ya maruz bırakılan sıçanların farklı dokularında da belirlenmiştir (Kabuto ve ark., 2003;Aydoğan ve ark., 2008;Korkmaz ve ark., 2010;Özaydın ve ark., 2018).…”

Oxidative stress increases in liver of lactating rats after BPF-low-dose exposure: perinatal effects in the offspring

“…Li et al 17 , 18 have reported that loss of the antioxidant system leads to oxidative damage in the liver. Exposure to BPA is known to impair the antioxidant defense system, increases lipid peroxidation and causes oxidative damage to the liver 19 , 20 . Recent studies by our research group showed that low dose of BPA caused liver injury in lactating dams and had a perinatal effect in female PND6 offspring by increasing oxidative stress levels, triggering an inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways in the liver, the organ responsible for detoxification of this endocrine disruptor 21 .…”